NURS 340 Exam 1 – Questions With Accurate
Solutions
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Terms in this set (955)
What is physiology? The study of the normal functions of the body.
What is pathophysiology? Structural and functional changes in cells, tissues,
and organs that cause or are caused by disease.
Why do nurses study To understand clinical manifestations, why
pathophysiology? medications and nursing interventions work, why
side effects and complications occur, and how to
communicate with the healthcare team.
How does the course define health? A state of complete physical, mental, and social
well-being, not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity.
What factors can influence a person's Age, genetics, gender, environment, and social
state of health? factors.
,What is disease? A state in which the body no longer functions
normally; severity and duration can vary.
What is an acute disease? A disease that occurs and resolves quickly.
What is a chronic disease? A disease that occurs over a longer time and may
never fully resolve, although it may be manageable.
What is a sign? An objective, measurable clinical manifestation.
What is a symptom? A subjective clinical manifestation reported by the
patient.
What is etiology? The study or cause of disease; causes can include
infectious agents, chemicals, and other factors.
What is pathogenesis? The step-by-step process of how a disease
develops.
What does idiopathic mean? The exact cause of the condition is unknown.
What is a risk factor? A factor that increases the likelihood of developing
a disease.
What is a comorbidity? One or more additional disorders occurring with a
primary disease or disorder.
What is a complication? A pathological process or event occurring during a
disease that is not an essential part of the disease
and may result from the disease or another cause.
What does congenital mean? Present at birth.
What does hereditary mean? Transmitted across generations.
What does genetic disease mean? Disease caused by abnormalities in genes.
,What does inflammatory disease Disease triggered by the body's
mean? defense/inflammatory processes.
What does degenerative disease Disease caused by deterioration.
mean?
What does metabolic disease mean? Disease involving a problem with biochemical
processes.
What does neoplastic disease mean? Disease involving uncontrolled cellular proliferation,
such as cancer.
Why do cells adapt? To try to prevent injury and death when exposed to
stress or changing demands.
What are the two broad types of Proliferation and differentiation.
cellular adaptation discussed in
Module 1?
What is cellular proliferation? An increase in cell growth or number; it can be
normal, such as hyperplasia or hypertrophy, or
abnormal, such as neoplasia.
What is cellular differentiation? The normal process by which cells develop toward
their intended function.
What is atrophy? A cellular adaptation involving a decrease in cell
size or tissue mass.
What is hypertrophy? An increase in cell size.
What is hyperplasia? An increase in the number of cells.
What is metaplasia? A cellular adaptation in which one mature cell type
is replaced by another mature cell type.
What is dysplasia? Abnormal cellular growth and organization.
, What is neoplasia? Abnormal proliferation of cells.
What are major causes of cellular Physical causes, chemical causes, biologic causes,
injury listed in the slides? deficiencies, and free radicals.
Is cell injury always irreversible? No. Cell injury can be reversible up to a point.
What is ischemia? Decreased blood supply to an organ.
What is apoptosis? Normal, programmed cell death.
What is necrosis? Premature, abnormal cell death caused by injury.
What happens to cells during They shrink down as part of programmed cell death.
apoptosis?
What happens to cells during They swell and burst.
necrosis?
Why does necrosis trigger Burst cells release the by-products of cell death
inflammation? into interstitial spaces, triggering inflammation.
What is a gene? A segment of DNA on a chromosome that carries
information for protein production and inheritance
of specific traits.
What is genetics? The study of genes and their role in transmitting
traits from one generation to the next.
What is genomics? The study of an individual's entire collection of
genes and how those genes interact with each other
and environmental factors.
What is a single-gene trait? A trait in which one gene controls the expression of
a specific structure, protein, or function.
Solutions
Add to calendar
Play your way to mastery with fun games
Match Blocks Charms NEW
Terms in this set (955)
What is physiology? The study of the normal functions of the body.
What is pathophysiology? Structural and functional changes in cells, tissues,
and organs that cause or are caused by disease.
Why do nurses study To understand clinical manifestations, why
pathophysiology? medications and nursing interventions work, why
side effects and complications occur, and how to
communicate with the healthcare team.
How does the course define health? A state of complete physical, mental, and social
well-being, not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity.
What factors can influence a person's Age, genetics, gender, environment, and social
state of health? factors.
,What is disease? A state in which the body no longer functions
normally; severity and duration can vary.
What is an acute disease? A disease that occurs and resolves quickly.
What is a chronic disease? A disease that occurs over a longer time and may
never fully resolve, although it may be manageable.
What is a sign? An objective, measurable clinical manifestation.
What is a symptom? A subjective clinical manifestation reported by the
patient.
What is etiology? The study or cause of disease; causes can include
infectious agents, chemicals, and other factors.
What is pathogenesis? The step-by-step process of how a disease
develops.
What does idiopathic mean? The exact cause of the condition is unknown.
What is a risk factor? A factor that increases the likelihood of developing
a disease.
What is a comorbidity? One or more additional disorders occurring with a
primary disease or disorder.
What is a complication? A pathological process or event occurring during a
disease that is not an essential part of the disease
and may result from the disease or another cause.
What does congenital mean? Present at birth.
What does hereditary mean? Transmitted across generations.
What does genetic disease mean? Disease caused by abnormalities in genes.
,What does inflammatory disease Disease triggered by the body's
mean? defense/inflammatory processes.
What does degenerative disease Disease caused by deterioration.
mean?
What does metabolic disease mean? Disease involving a problem with biochemical
processes.
What does neoplastic disease mean? Disease involving uncontrolled cellular proliferation,
such as cancer.
Why do cells adapt? To try to prevent injury and death when exposed to
stress or changing demands.
What are the two broad types of Proliferation and differentiation.
cellular adaptation discussed in
Module 1?
What is cellular proliferation? An increase in cell growth or number; it can be
normal, such as hyperplasia or hypertrophy, or
abnormal, such as neoplasia.
What is cellular differentiation? The normal process by which cells develop toward
their intended function.
What is atrophy? A cellular adaptation involving a decrease in cell
size or tissue mass.
What is hypertrophy? An increase in cell size.
What is hyperplasia? An increase in the number of cells.
What is metaplasia? A cellular adaptation in which one mature cell type
is replaced by another mature cell type.
What is dysplasia? Abnormal cellular growth and organization.
, What is neoplasia? Abnormal proliferation of cells.
What are major causes of cellular Physical causes, chemical causes, biologic causes,
injury listed in the slides? deficiencies, and free radicals.
Is cell injury always irreversible? No. Cell injury can be reversible up to a point.
What is ischemia? Decreased blood supply to an organ.
What is apoptosis? Normal, programmed cell death.
What is necrosis? Premature, abnormal cell death caused by injury.
What happens to cells during They shrink down as part of programmed cell death.
apoptosis?
What happens to cells during They swell and burst.
necrosis?
Why does necrosis trigger Burst cells release the by-products of cell death
inflammation? into interstitial spaces, triggering inflammation.
What is a gene? A segment of DNA on a chromosome that carries
information for protein production and inheritance
of specific traits.
What is genetics? The study of genes and their role in transmitting
traits from one generation to the next.
What is genomics? The study of an individual's entire collection of
genes and how those genes interact with each other
and environmental factors.
What is a single-gene trait? A trait in which one gene controls the expression of
a specific structure, protein, or function.
