NAPSRX ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Through which barriers can lipid soluble drugs usually pass? - ✔✔Cell membranes
✔✔How are weak acid drugs generally absorbed by the stomach? - ✔✔More quickly
than weak basic drugs.
✔✔Which of the following routes of administration do not completely bypass the liver? -
✔✔Rectal administration
✔✔Why are intravenous drug dosages easier to control than drugs administered
transdermally? - ✔✔The entire dose is available in the bloodstream to be distributed to
the target site.
✔✔What medical term means to apply the drug on the skin surface? - ✔✔Transdermal
✔✔Carcinogenicity studies are meant to identify the tumor causing potential of a drug. -
✔✔True
✔✔According to NIH ethical guidelines, which of the followers is the most important
criteria in selecting subjects for clinical studies? - ✔✔Scientific objects
✔✔Which statement about the IRB is incorrect? - ✔✔The members of the IRB/IEC must
be experts in the topic of study.
✔✔Which phases of clinical studies are open label and which are blinded? - ✔✔Phase
1 and 4 trials are often open label, but phase 2 and 3 are double blinded or at least
blinded.
✔✔If it is not possible to measure the direct effects of a drug, what is used instead? -
✔✔Surrogate markers such as blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
✔✔Which of the following is an observational study that first identifies a group of
subjects with a certain disease and a control group without that disease, and then looks
, to back in time (via chart reviews) to find exposure to risk factors? - ✔✔Case control
study
✔✔Which measure of central tendency is the sum of all observations divided by the
number of observations? - ✔✔Mean
✔✔Which measurement describes the number of new events that occur during a
specified period of time in a population at risk for the event (lung infections per year)? -
✔✔Incidence
✔✔Which of the following measures is used to describe the variability of the population
mean? - ✔✔Standard error of the mean
✔✔Which of the following terms denotes the extent to which a test actually measures
what it is supposed to be measuring, or what we think it is measuring? - ✔✔Validity
✔✔What are the Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards analysis? -
✔✔Methods of survival analysis
✔✔What section of a clinical paper describes subjects entry and exclusion criteria? -
✔✔Methods
✔✔Which document sets out how a trial is to be conducted (study's general design and
operating features)? - ✔✔Protocol
✔✔When designing and performing clinical trials, several ethical constraints must be
considered. Which of the following is not one of these ethical constraints? -
✔✔Geographical variations
✔✔What is one way in which large molecule drugs differ from small molecule drugs? -
✔✔Large molecule drugs are mainly protein based drugs that develop in biological
systems such as living cells.
✔✔Which of the following statements about vaccines is incorrect? - ✔✔Vaccines are
types of small molecule drugs.
✔✔What is an advantage of attenuated vaccines over inactivated vaccines? -
✔✔Attenuated vaccines are less expensive to prepare.
✔✔How are toxoids derived? - ✔✔From the toxins secreted by a pathogen.
✔✔What is the estimated annual death toll for malaria? - ✔✔1.5 to 3.5 million people
✔✔Through which barriers can lipid soluble drugs usually pass? - ✔✔Cell membranes
✔✔How are weak acid drugs generally absorbed by the stomach? - ✔✔More quickly
than weak basic drugs.
✔✔Which of the following routes of administration do not completely bypass the liver? -
✔✔Rectal administration
✔✔Why are intravenous drug dosages easier to control than drugs administered
transdermally? - ✔✔The entire dose is available in the bloodstream to be distributed to
the target site.
✔✔What medical term means to apply the drug on the skin surface? - ✔✔Transdermal
✔✔Carcinogenicity studies are meant to identify the tumor causing potential of a drug. -
✔✔True
✔✔According to NIH ethical guidelines, which of the followers is the most important
criteria in selecting subjects for clinical studies? - ✔✔Scientific objects
✔✔Which statement about the IRB is incorrect? - ✔✔The members of the IRB/IEC must
be experts in the topic of study.
✔✔Which phases of clinical studies are open label and which are blinded? - ✔✔Phase
1 and 4 trials are often open label, but phase 2 and 3 are double blinded or at least
blinded.
✔✔If it is not possible to measure the direct effects of a drug, what is used instead? -
✔✔Surrogate markers such as blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
✔✔Which of the following is an observational study that first identifies a group of
subjects with a certain disease and a control group without that disease, and then looks
, to back in time (via chart reviews) to find exposure to risk factors? - ✔✔Case control
study
✔✔Which measure of central tendency is the sum of all observations divided by the
number of observations? - ✔✔Mean
✔✔Which measurement describes the number of new events that occur during a
specified period of time in a population at risk for the event (lung infections per year)? -
✔✔Incidence
✔✔Which of the following measures is used to describe the variability of the population
mean? - ✔✔Standard error of the mean
✔✔Which of the following terms denotes the extent to which a test actually measures
what it is supposed to be measuring, or what we think it is measuring? - ✔✔Validity
✔✔What are the Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards analysis? -
✔✔Methods of survival analysis
✔✔What section of a clinical paper describes subjects entry and exclusion criteria? -
✔✔Methods
✔✔Which document sets out how a trial is to be conducted (study's general design and
operating features)? - ✔✔Protocol
✔✔When designing and performing clinical trials, several ethical constraints must be
considered. Which of the following is not one of these ethical constraints? -
✔✔Geographical variations
✔✔What is one way in which large molecule drugs differ from small molecule drugs? -
✔✔Large molecule drugs are mainly protein based drugs that develop in biological
systems such as living cells.
✔✔Which of the following statements about vaccines is incorrect? - ✔✔Vaccines are
types of small molecule drugs.
✔✔What is an advantage of attenuated vaccines over inactivated vaccines? -
✔✔Attenuated vaccines are less expensive to prepare.
✔✔How are toxoids derived? - ✔✔From the toxins secreted by a pathogen.
✔✔What is the estimated annual death toll for malaria? - ✔✔1.5 to 3.5 million people
