PHRM 3820 Ophthalmic Disorders Questions with Correct Answers
(Grade A+)
Question 1: What are the 5 self-treatable ophthalmic disorders?
Answer: - dry eye - allergic conjunctivitis - loose foreign substances - diagnosed corneal edema - minor eye
irritation/chemical burn
Question 2: What are the exclusions for self-treatment of eye surface disorders?
Answer: - eye pain - blurred vision - sensitivity to light - history of contacts - blunt trauma to eye - direct
chemical exposure to eye - thermal exposure - symptoms >72h
Question 3: What are the exclusions for self treatment of eyelid disorders?
Answer: - signs of infection - red, thickened eyelids, scaling - head lice infections - macular degeneration -
chalazion, hardeolum, blepharitis
Question 4: chalazion
Answer: benign, painless bump or nodule inside eyelid forms around an oil gland normally drains on own,
but persistent symptoms require referral
Question 5: hordeolum
Answer: sty(e); acute focal infection (usually staphylococcal) pain, redness, warmth indicates infection
Question 6: sty(e)
Answer: hordeolum
Question 7: How are chalazions treated?
Answer: usually drain on own, if not - refer
Question 8: How are hordeolums treated?
Answer: clean eyelid with mild soap and water place warm washcloth over closed eye to relieve pain keep
eye clean do not wear contacts OTC emollients
Question 9: blepharitis
Answer: eyelid inflammation associated with a bacterial infection symptoms of dry eye are certain skin
infections
Page 1
, Question 10: What are the causes/risk factors of dry eye?
Answer: - aging process - anticholinergic medications - antihistamines, antidepressants, decongestants,
beta-blockers - allergens and environmental conditions - reduced humidity
Question 11: What are the symptoms of dry eye?
Answer: white or mildly red eyes sandy, gritty feeling excessive tearing
Question 12: eyelid hygiene
Answer: use warm compress for 5 minutes, then cleansing wipe used for dry eye
Question 13: What are the treatment goals of dry eye?
Answer: - alleviate and control the dryness of eye surface - relieve symptoms - prevent possible tissue and
corneal damage
Question 14: How is mild dry eye treated?
Answer: - environmental modifications - artificial tear substitutes, gels, ointments - eyelid therapy (warm
compresses, hygiene)
Question 15: How is moderate dry eye treated?
Answer: - prescription medications - punctual plugs - eye shields
Question 16: How is severe dry eye treated?
Answer: - systemic cholinergics and anti-inflammatories - surgery
Question 17: What are the 3 kinds of ocular lubricants?
Answer: artificial tears, nondedicated ointments, gels
Question 18: What are ocular lubricants made up of?
Answer: preservatives, electrolytes, water-soluble polymeric systems preservative-free agents are less likely
to irritate eye surface possible toxicity from preservatives with overuse
Question 19: How do ocular lubricants work?
Answer: increase the viscosity and retention time of drug
Page 2
(Grade A+)
Question 1: What are the 5 self-treatable ophthalmic disorders?
Answer: - dry eye - allergic conjunctivitis - loose foreign substances - diagnosed corneal edema - minor eye
irritation/chemical burn
Question 2: What are the exclusions for self-treatment of eye surface disorders?
Answer: - eye pain - blurred vision - sensitivity to light - history of contacts - blunt trauma to eye - direct
chemical exposure to eye - thermal exposure - symptoms >72h
Question 3: What are the exclusions for self treatment of eyelid disorders?
Answer: - signs of infection - red, thickened eyelids, scaling - head lice infections - macular degeneration -
chalazion, hardeolum, blepharitis
Question 4: chalazion
Answer: benign, painless bump or nodule inside eyelid forms around an oil gland normally drains on own,
but persistent symptoms require referral
Question 5: hordeolum
Answer: sty(e); acute focal infection (usually staphylococcal) pain, redness, warmth indicates infection
Question 6: sty(e)
Answer: hordeolum
Question 7: How are chalazions treated?
Answer: usually drain on own, if not - refer
Question 8: How are hordeolums treated?
Answer: clean eyelid with mild soap and water place warm washcloth over closed eye to relieve pain keep
eye clean do not wear contacts OTC emollients
Question 9: blepharitis
Answer: eyelid inflammation associated with a bacterial infection symptoms of dry eye are certain skin
infections
Page 1
, Question 10: What are the causes/risk factors of dry eye?
Answer: - aging process - anticholinergic medications - antihistamines, antidepressants, decongestants,
beta-blockers - allergens and environmental conditions - reduced humidity
Question 11: What are the symptoms of dry eye?
Answer: white or mildly red eyes sandy, gritty feeling excessive tearing
Question 12: eyelid hygiene
Answer: use warm compress for 5 minutes, then cleansing wipe used for dry eye
Question 13: What are the treatment goals of dry eye?
Answer: - alleviate and control the dryness of eye surface - relieve symptoms - prevent possible tissue and
corneal damage
Question 14: How is mild dry eye treated?
Answer: - environmental modifications - artificial tear substitutes, gels, ointments - eyelid therapy (warm
compresses, hygiene)
Question 15: How is moderate dry eye treated?
Answer: - prescription medications - punctual plugs - eye shields
Question 16: How is severe dry eye treated?
Answer: - systemic cholinergics and anti-inflammatories - surgery
Question 17: What are the 3 kinds of ocular lubricants?
Answer: artificial tears, nondedicated ointments, gels
Question 18: What are ocular lubricants made up of?
Answer: preservatives, electrolytes, water-soluble polymeric systems preservative-free agents are less likely
to irritate eye surface possible toxicity from preservatives with overuse
Question 19: How do ocular lubricants work?
Answer: increase the viscosity and retention time of drug
Page 2
