NSGD 2216 Critical Inquiry and Evidence-Informed Practice
Final Exam: Questions and Answers| Nipissing University| Score
100%
1. Systematic reflection in critical inquiry means:
A. Reflecting only after errors occur
B. Occasional, informal daydreaming about practice
C. Deliberately and methodically examining one's experiences,
thinking and actions to learn and improve
D. Recording events without analyzing them
Answer: C. Deliberately and methodically examining one's
experiences, thinking and actions to learn and improve
Rationale: Systematic reflection is structured and intentional. It involves
analyzing experiences, assumptions and decisions in order to improve
practice.
2. 'Problem-posing' in critical inquiry (drawing on Freire) is best
described as:
A. Posing problems only to test students
B. Avoiding controversial issues
C. Providing learners with finished answers to memorize
D. Questioning situations and taken-for-granted realities to uncover
underlying issues and possibilities for change
Answer: D. Questioning situations and taken-for-granted realities to
uncover underlying issues and possibilities for change
Rationale: Problem-posing encourages people to question and critically
examine their circumstances instead of passively receiving information.
NSGD 2216 Final Exam | Page 1
,3. Reflective skepticism refers to:
A. Cynically assuming everyone is lying
B. Thoughtfully questioning claims and requesting evidence before
accepting or rejecting them
C. Accepting claims from authorities without question
D. Rejecting all claims as false
Answer: B. Thoughtfully questioning claims and requesting evidence
before accepting or rejecting them
Rationale: Reflective skepticism is a balanced, evidence-seeking stance. It
is neither blind acceptance nor automatic rejection (cynicism).
4. Multi-perspectivity involves:
A. Considering an issue from several viewpoints, including those that
differ from your own
B. Choosing the perspective of the majority
C. Ignoring minority views
D. Focusing on a single expert's opinion
Answer: A. Considering an issue from several viewpoints, including
those that differ from your own
Rationale: Multi-perspectivity broadens understanding by deliberately
considering diverse viewpoints, such as those of patients, families and
other disciplines.
NSGD 2216 Final Exam | Page 2
,5. Which situation best shows multi-perspectivity in nursing?
A. A nurse accepts the first suggestion offered
B. A nurse follows only her own cultural beliefs when planning care
C. A nurse seeks the views of the patient, family and interprofessional
team before recommending a plan
D. A nurse relies on one article
Answer: C. A nurse seeks the views of the patient, family and
interprofessional team before recommending a plan
Rationale: Gathering several perspectives leads to more complete,
patient-centred decisions.
6. Reflective skepticism differs from cynicism because reflective
skepticism:
A. Never changes its position
B. Avoids asking questions
C. Rejects evidence outright
D. Is open to being convinced by good evidence
Answer: D. Is open to being convinced by good evidence
Rationale: Skeptics are persuadable by sound evidence. Cynics have
already decided that claims are unreliable.
NSGD 2216 Final Exam | Page 3
, 7. In the RED Model, 'Recognize Assumptions' requires the thinker to:
A. Accept all statements as true
B. Compare two studies
C. Formulate a PICOT question
D. Identify unstated beliefs taken for granted in a statement or
argument
Answer: D. Identify unstated beliefs taken for granted in a statement
or argument
Rationale: Assumptions are unstated beliefs that must be true for an
argument to work. Recognizing them is the first step.
8. Statement: 'We should offer the diabetes class at 2 pm because
most patients are retired.' The underlying assumption is that:
A. All patients are retired or available at 2 pm
B. Diabetes classes are important
C. 2 pm is a good hour for staff
D. Patients enjoy classes
Answer: A. All patients are retired or available at 2 pm
Rationale: The argument assumes the schedule suits all patients, though
many are working or have other commitments.
NSGD 2216 Final Exam | Page 4
Final Exam: Questions and Answers| Nipissing University| Score
100%
1. Systematic reflection in critical inquiry means:
A. Reflecting only after errors occur
B. Occasional, informal daydreaming about practice
C. Deliberately and methodically examining one's experiences,
thinking and actions to learn and improve
D. Recording events without analyzing them
Answer: C. Deliberately and methodically examining one's
experiences, thinking and actions to learn and improve
Rationale: Systematic reflection is structured and intentional. It involves
analyzing experiences, assumptions and decisions in order to improve
practice.
2. 'Problem-posing' in critical inquiry (drawing on Freire) is best
described as:
A. Posing problems only to test students
B. Avoiding controversial issues
C. Providing learners with finished answers to memorize
D. Questioning situations and taken-for-granted realities to uncover
underlying issues and possibilities for change
Answer: D. Questioning situations and taken-for-granted realities to
uncover underlying issues and possibilities for change
Rationale: Problem-posing encourages people to question and critically
examine their circumstances instead of passively receiving information.
NSGD 2216 Final Exam | Page 1
,3. Reflective skepticism refers to:
A. Cynically assuming everyone is lying
B. Thoughtfully questioning claims and requesting evidence before
accepting or rejecting them
C. Accepting claims from authorities without question
D. Rejecting all claims as false
Answer: B. Thoughtfully questioning claims and requesting evidence
before accepting or rejecting them
Rationale: Reflective skepticism is a balanced, evidence-seeking stance. It
is neither blind acceptance nor automatic rejection (cynicism).
4. Multi-perspectivity involves:
A. Considering an issue from several viewpoints, including those that
differ from your own
B. Choosing the perspective of the majority
C. Ignoring minority views
D. Focusing on a single expert's opinion
Answer: A. Considering an issue from several viewpoints, including
those that differ from your own
Rationale: Multi-perspectivity broadens understanding by deliberately
considering diverse viewpoints, such as those of patients, families and
other disciplines.
NSGD 2216 Final Exam | Page 2
,5. Which situation best shows multi-perspectivity in nursing?
A. A nurse accepts the first suggestion offered
B. A nurse follows only her own cultural beliefs when planning care
C. A nurse seeks the views of the patient, family and interprofessional
team before recommending a plan
D. A nurse relies on one article
Answer: C. A nurse seeks the views of the patient, family and
interprofessional team before recommending a plan
Rationale: Gathering several perspectives leads to more complete,
patient-centred decisions.
6. Reflective skepticism differs from cynicism because reflective
skepticism:
A. Never changes its position
B. Avoids asking questions
C. Rejects evidence outright
D. Is open to being convinced by good evidence
Answer: D. Is open to being convinced by good evidence
Rationale: Skeptics are persuadable by sound evidence. Cynics have
already decided that claims are unreliable.
NSGD 2216 Final Exam | Page 3
, 7. In the RED Model, 'Recognize Assumptions' requires the thinker to:
A. Accept all statements as true
B. Compare two studies
C. Formulate a PICOT question
D. Identify unstated beliefs taken for granted in a statement or
argument
Answer: D. Identify unstated beliefs taken for granted in a statement
or argument
Rationale: Assumptions are unstated beliefs that must be true for an
argument to work. Recognizing them is the first step.
8. Statement: 'We should offer the diabetes class at 2 pm because
most patients are retired.' The underlying assumption is that:
A. All patients are retired or available at 2 pm
B. Diabetes classes are important
C. 2 pm is a good hour for staff
D. Patients enjoy classes
Answer: A. All patients are retired or available at 2 pm
Rationale: The argument assumes the schedule suits all patients, though
many are working or have other commitments.
NSGD 2216 Final Exam | Page 4
