HESI MED SURG RATIONALE
Med-Surg rationale for the actual test answers
Venous leg ulcers
Irregular shaped ulcers and severe edema are findings typically
associated with venous insufficiency rather than arterial insufficiency.
COPD intervention
Pursed lip breathing to lengthen expiration and open the airway by
increasing expiratory air pressure within the lungs.
Positioning in an upright and forward-leaning position helps the client
with COPD maximize air exchange.
DM-long term complications
Clients with diabetes mellitus are prone to macrovascular and
microvascular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy,
nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy, and peripheral vascular disease.
Signs of visual changes decreased renal function, peripheral
neuropathy, PVD as exhibited by skin changes should be assessed for
changes consistent with long-term complications.
Chronic hypoxia-assess
Increasing hypoxia can cause changes in mentation, such as confusion
and lethargy.
Breathing patterns are altered as the client attempts to compensate
for the increasing hypoxia.
Skin and nailbed color changes, such as pallor or cyanosis, also occur
as the result of hypoxia.
Dialysis
When dialysis is first prescribed, it is important for the client to
verbalize understanding of the reasoning for the hemodialysis, its
frequency, and any lifestyle changes that may need to be achieved.
Osteomalacia diet
Osteomalacia is caused by a vitamin D deficiency. It is important to
encourage the client to include foods that are good source of vitamin D
such as fortified milk and cereals in their diet.
Prostatectomy-cath leaking
Med-Surg rationale for the actual test answers
Venous leg ulcers
Irregular shaped ulcers and severe edema are findings typically
associated with venous insufficiency rather than arterial insufficiency.
COPD intervention
Pursed lip breathing to lengthen expiration and open the airway by
increasing expiratory air pressure within the lungs.
Positioning in an upright and forward-leaning position helps the client
with COPD maximize air exchange.
DM-long term complications
Clients with diabetes mellitus are prone to macrovascular and
microvascular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy,
nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy, and peripheral vascular disease.
Signs of visual changes decreased renal function, peripheral
neuropathy, PVD as exhibited by skin changes should be assessed for
changes consistent with long-term complications.
Chronic hypoxia-assess
Increasing hypoxia can cause changes in mentation, such as confusion
and lethargy.
Breathing patterns are altered as the client attempts to compensate
for the increasing hypoxia.
Skin and nailbed color changes, such as pallor or cyanosis, also occur
as the result of hypoxia.
Dialysis
When dialysis is first prescribed, it is important for the client to
verbalize understanding of the reasoning for the hemodialysis, its
frequency, and any lifestyle changes that may need to be achieved.
Osteomalacia diet
Osteomalacia is caused by a vitamin D deficiency. It is important to
encourage the client to include foods that are good source of vitamin D
such as fortified milk and cereals in their diet.
Prostatectomy-cath leaking
