NURS 6320 Final Ch 2, 3, 8, 9 | UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified Answers

NURS 6320 Final Ch 2, 3, 8, 9 | UPDATED Questions with
100% Verified Answers
Q1: A patient's blood gases reveal the following findings: pH, 7.3;
bicarbonate (HCO3) 27 mEq/L; carbon dioxide (CO2), 58 mm
Hg. What is the interpretation of these gases?
a. Respiratory alkalosis
A: ANS: C
The values provided in this question characterize only acute uncompensated respiratory
acidosis.


Q2: b. Metabolic acidosis
A:


Q3: c. Respiratory acidosis
A:


Q4: d. Metabolic alkalosis
A:


Q5: What causes the clinical manifestations of confusion,
convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, and coma in
hypernatremia?
A: ANS: A
Hypertonic (hyperosmolar) imbalances result in an extracellular fluid concentration
greater than 0.9% salt solution (e.g., water loss or solute gain); cells shrink in a hypertonic


Q6: a. High sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of the
brain cells into the blood vessels, causing brain cells to shrink.
A: fluid (see Table 3-7). This shrinking of cells results in the symptoms described in the
question. The other options do not accurately describe the cause of these symptoms as
they relate to hypernatremia


Q7: b. High sodium in the brain cells pulls water out of the blood
vessels into the brain cells, causing them to swell.
A:


Q8: c. High sodium in the blood vessels pulls potassium out of the
brain cells, which slows the synapses in the brain.
A:

,Q9: d. High sodium in the blood vessels draws chloride into the
brain cells followed by water, causing the brain cells to swell
A:


Q10: Vomiting-induced metabolic alkalosis, resulting in the loss of
chloride, causes
A: ANS: C
When vomiting with the depletion of ECF and chloride (hypochloremic metabolic


Q11: a. Retained sodium to bind with the chloride
A: alkalosis) causes acid loss, renal compensation is not effective; the volume depletion and
loss of electrolytes (sodium [Na+], potassium [K+], hydrogen [H+], chlorine [Cl-]) stimulate


Q12: b. Hydrogen to move into the cell and exchange with
potassium to maintain cation balance
A: a paradoxic response by the kidneys. The kidneys increase sodium and bicarbonate
reabsorption with the excretion of hydrogen. Bicarbonate is reabsorbed to maintain an
anionic balance because the ECF chloride concentration is decreased. The other options


Q13: c. Retention of bicarbonate to maintain the anion balance
A: do not accurately describe the mechanism that results from vomiting-induced metabolic
alkalosis.


Q14: d. Hypoventilation to compensate for the metabolic alkalosis
A:


Q15: Insulin is used to treat hyperkalemia because it
A: ANS: C


Q16: a. Stimulates sodium to be removed from the cell in exchange
for potassium.
A: Insulin contributes to the regulation of plasma potassium levels by stimulating the Na+,
potassium-adenosine triphosphatase (K+-ATPase) pump, thereby promoting the
movement of potassium simultaneously into the liver and muscle cells with glucose


Q17: b. Binds to potassium to remove it through the kidneys.
A: transport after eating. The intracellular movement of potassium prevents an acute
hyperkalemia related to food intake. The other options do not accurately describe how


Q18: c. Transports potassium from the blood to the cell along with
glucose.
A: insulin is used to treat hyperkalemia

,Q19: d. Breaks down the chemical components of potassium,
causing it to be no longer effective.
A:


Q20: During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in
serum hydrogen ions by shifting hydrogen ions into the cell in
exchange for which electrolyte?
A: ANS: C
In states of acidosis, hydrogen ions shift into the cells in exchange for intracellular fluid
potassium; hyperkalemia and acidosis therefore often occur together. This is not true of


Q21: a. Oxygen
A: the other options.


Q22: b. Sodium
A:


Q23: c. Potassium
A:


Q24: d. Magnesium
A:


Q25: Causes of hyperkalemia include
A: ANS: C


Q26: a. Hyperparathyroidism and malnutrition
A: Hyperkalemia should be investigated when a history of renal disease, massive trauma,
insulin deficiency, Addison disease, use of potassium salt substitutes, or metabolic


Q27: b. Vomiting and diarrhea
A: acidosis exists. The other options are not known to be causes of hyperkalemia


Q28: c. Renal failure and Addison disease
A:


Q29: d. Hyperaldosteronism and Cushing disease
A:

, Q30: In hyperkalemia, what change occurs to the cells' resting
membrane potential?
A: ANS: A
If extracellular potassium concentration increases without a significant change in


Q31: a. Hypopolarization
A: intracellular potassium, then the resting membrane potential becomes more positive (i.e.,
changes from -90 to -80 mV) and the cell membrane is hypopolarized (i.e., the inside of


Q32: b. Hyperexcitability
A: the cell becomes less negative or partially depolarized [increase excitability]).


Q33: c. Depolarization
A:


Q34: d. Repolarization
A:


Q35: The calcium and phosphate balance is influenced by which
three substances?
A: ANS: B
Three hormones regulate calcium and phosphate balance: parathyroid hormone (PTH),


Q36: a. Parathyroid hormone, vasopressin, and vitamin D
A: vitamin D, and calcitonin. Vasopressin, thyroid hormone, and vitamin A do not influence
calcium and phosphate balance


Q37: b. Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D
A:


Q38: c. Thyroid hormone, vasopressin, and vitamin A
A:


Q39: d. Thyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin A
A:


Q40: It is true that Kussmaul respirations indicate
A: ANS: B


Q41: a. Anxiety is a cause of respiratory acidosis.