NURS 6320 Final Group 5 Ch 32 | UPDATED Questions
with 100% Verified Answers
Q1: What is the initiating event that leads to the development of
atherosclerosis?
A: ANS: C
Atherosclerosis begins with an injury to the endothelial cells that line the arterial walls.
Q2: a. Release of the inflammatory cytokines
A: Possible causes of endothelial injury include the common risk factors for atherosclerosis,
such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes, increased levels of low-density lipoprotein
Q3: b. Macrophages adhere to vessel walls.
A: (LDL), decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and autoimmunity. The
remaining options occur only after the endothelial cells are injured
Q4: c. Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls
A:
Q5: d. Release of the platelet-deprived growth factor
A:
Q6: What is the effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
in atherosclerosis?
A: ANS: A
Oxidized LDLs are toxic to endothelial cells, cause smooth muscle proliferation, and
Q7: a. LDLs cause smooth muscle proliferation.
A: activate further immune and inflammatory responses. This selection is the only option that
accurately identifies the effects of LDLs.
Q8: b. LDLs cause regression of atherosclerotic plaques.
A:
Q9: c. LDLs increase levels of inflammatory cytokines.
A:
Q10: d. LDLs direct macrophages to the site in the endothelium.
A:
, Q11: Which inflammatory cytokines are released when endothelial
cells are injured?
A: ANS: C
Numerous inflammatory cytokines are released, including TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1, toxic oxygen
Q12: a. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM
CSF)
A: radicals, and heat shock proteins. This selection is the only option that accurately
identifies which inflammatory cytokines are associated with endothelial cell injury
Q13: b. Interferon-beta (IFN-β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and granulocyte
colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
A:
Q14: c. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma
(IFN-γ), and interleukin 1 (IL-1)
A:
Q15: d. Interferon-alpha (IFN-α), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and
macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)
A:
Q16: When endothelia cells are injured, what alteration contributes
to atherosclerosis?
A: ANS: B
Injured endothelial cells become inflamed and cannot make normal amounts of
Q17: a. The release of toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize low
density lipoproteins (LDLs).
A: antithrombotic and vasodilating cytokines. This selection is the only option that accurately
identifies the factor that contributes to atherosclerosis.
Q18: b. Cells are unable to make the normal amount of vasodilating
cytokines.
A:
Q19: c. Cells produce an increased amount of antithrombotic
cytokines.
A:
Q20: d. Cells develop a hypersensitivity to homocysteine and lipids.
with 100% Verified Answers
Q1: What is the initiating event that leads to the development of
atherosclerosis?
A: ANS: C
Atherosclerosis begins with an injury to the endothelial cells that line the arterial walls.
Q2: a. Release of the inflammatory cytokines
A: Possible causes of endothelial injury include the common risk factors for atherosclerosis,
such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes, increased levels of low-density lipoprotein
Q3: b. Macrophages adhere to vessel walls.
A: (LDL), decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and autoimmunity. The
remaining options occur only after the endothelial cells are injured
Q4: c. Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls
A:
Q5: d. Release of the platelet-deprived growth factor
A:
Q6: What is the effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
in atherosclerosis?
A: ANS: A
Oxidized LDLs are toxic to endothelial cells, cause smooth muscle proliferation, and
Q7: a. LDLs cause smooth muscle proliferation.
A: activate further immune and inflammatory responses. This selection is the only option that
accurately identifies the effects of LDLs.
Q8: b. LDLs cause regression of atherosclerotic plaques.
A:
Q9: c. LDLs increase levels of inflammatory cytokines.
A:
Q10: d. LDLs direct macrophages to the site in the endothelium.
A:
, Q11: Which inflammatory cytokines are released when endothelial
cells are injured?
A: ANS: C
Numerous inflammatory cytokines are released, including TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1, toxic oxygen
Q12: a. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM
CSF)
A: radicals, and heat shock proteins. This selection is the only option that accurately
identifies which inflammatory cytokines are associated with endothelial cell injury
Q13: b. Interferon-beta (IFN-β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and granulocyte
colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
A:
Q14: c. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma
(IFN-γ), and interleukin 1 (IL-1)
A:
Q15: d. Interferon-alpha (IFN-α), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and
macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)
A:
Q16: When endothelia cells are injured, what alteration contributes
to atherosclerosis?
A: ANS: B
Injured endothelial cells become inflamed and cannot make normal amounts of
Q17: a. The release of toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize low
density lipoproteins (LDLs).
A: antithrombotic and vasodilating cytokines. This selection is the only option that accurately
identifies the factor that contributes to atherosclerosis.
Q18: b. Cells are unable to make the normal amount of vasodilating
cytokines.
A:
Q19: c. Cells produce an increased amount of antithrombotic
cytokines.
A:
Q20: d. Cells develop a hypersensitivity to homocysteine and lipids.
