Special Education:
Preschool and Early
Childhood Praxis 5691
Updated Questions and
Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep
and Comprehensive
Rationales Included
,Procedural safeguard under (IDEA) The rights of parents, which include the right to participate in all meetings, examine
all educational records, and receive written notice regarding placement.
Psychoeducational model Focuses on how teachers must understand the causes of negative behavior and
how to help the student acquire self control through reflection and planning
Biological model psychological disorders are a result of biological issues.
Ecological model Urie Bronfenbrenner. development was affected by everything in their surrounding
environment. He divided the person's environment into five different levels: the
microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem, the macrosystem, and the
chronosystem
Humanistic model 1) Students' learning should be self-directed.
2) Schools should produce students who want and know how to learn.3) The only
form of meaningful evaluation is self-evaluation.
4) Feelings, as well as knowledge, are important in the learning process.
5) Students learn best in a nonthreatening environment
Dyscalculia difficulty with learning addition and subtraction facts, simple word problems, and
games that require logical reasoning.
Dyspraxia a form of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a common disorder
affecting fine and/or gross motor coordination in children and adults. It may also
affect speech. may present with difficulties with self-care, writing, typing, riding a
bike and play as well as other educational and recreational activities
Dysgraphia causes trouble with written expression, a specific learning disorder
Executive functioning Includes impulse control, attention, transitioning, planning, organizing, and initiating
tasks.
Family stress theory Families first experience grief and stress, and then they develop coping processes
and find the resources they need to help their child.
Special education teachers are expected to hold highly Core academic subjects .Alternate achievement standard .Multiple subjects
qualified status when teaching
Performance-based assessment Analyzes data that reflects how a student understands and applies knowledge. Use
data from measurable tasks that the students perform that are both meaningful and
engaging to students.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires that a student must have a specifically identified disability and must need
specifically designed instruction to be eligible for services.
Which of the following is most likely to help a 3-year-old Teaching the student how to do a picture walk through a book as a prereading
preschool student with a mild intellectual disability develop activity to reinforce comprehension skills. hands-on activities are a multisensory
literacy skills? way of teaching preschoolers the alphabet and numbers.
,Andy is an 8-year-old student with EBD. Andy is disruptive Providing supplementary aids, services, and behavioral accommodations
in the general education classroom, so the IEP team is demonstrates that all attempts have been made to accommodate the student and
recommending that he be placed in a self-contained make the general education environment the least restrictive environment.
classroom. Which of the following steps must be taken
before determining that a self-contained classroom would
be the least restrictive environment for Andy?
Diana v. State Board of Education (1970), Larry P. v. Riles Helped establish the principle of nondiscriminatory assessment of students from
(1972), and Lau v. Nichols (1974), influenced the drafting diverse cultural backgrounds.
of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
and addressed the issue of
Elaine is 3 years old. She exhibits age-appropriate motor Screening Elaine for receptive and expressive language skills. A screening will
skills, but her parents express concern that she does not provide information to determine if an additional evaluation is needed and is the first
answer questions verbally; she only points and nods or step in the evaluation process.
shakes her head. Which of the following actions is a
preschool teacher's best initial response to the situation?
Augmentative communication An approach that encompasses many different methods to build or augment
communication. Adapting existing vocal or gestural abilities and static symbols or
icons and using technological devices for speech and language are all examples
What is the most important goal for educators when Ensuring that students are successful and learn
collaborating with families of students?
protective factor "a characteristic at the biological, psychological, family, or community (including
peers and culture) level that is associated with a lower likelihood of problem
outcomes or that reduces the negative impact of a risk factor on problem
outcomes."
Discrete Trial Analysis A method of teaching new skills through small tasks in a structured, repetitive
manner. used to teach students with autism where targeted skills are broken down
into smaller, more manageable tasks.
Functional Behavioral Asessement A problem-solving process for addressing a student's problem behavior using a
variety of techniques and strategies. The process of gathering and analyzing
information about a student's behavior and accompanying circumstances in order to
determine the purpose or intent of the actions. This investigation is designed to help
educators determine the appropriateness of the student's present educational
placement and services, and whether changes would help the student to display
more acceptable behavior; identify positive interventions that would reduce the
undesirable behaviors; and identify appropriate behaviors to be substituted in the
place of the inappropriate ones.
Cognitive behavioral management A method of training students to recognize and replace destructive thought patterns
with constructive thought patterns
Manifestation determination A process that determines whether a problem behavior is attributable to a student's
disability, The purpose of this review is to determine whether or not the child's
behavior that led to the disciplinary infraction is linked to his or her disability.
Decoding the ability to apply your knowledge of letter-sound relationships, including
knowledge of letter patterns, to correctly pronounce written words
Phonemic awareness he ability to notice, think about, and work with the individual sounds in words.
Traditional Assessment are the conventional methods of testing which usually produce a written document,
such as a quiz, exam, or paper. Standardized tests, most state achievement tests,
and high school graduation examinations are also examples
, Authentic assessment students are being graded on hands-on activities, such as measuring objects to
assess their understanding of the concept of measurement
Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) serves youths with intellectual disabilities, children who are gifted and talented, and
children who are abused or neglected?
Self-advocacy the accommodations and strategies that will support their learning styles and
encourage them to communicate their needs. the ability to understand and
effectively communicate one's needs to other individuals.
Applied behavior analysis (ABA) Utilizes two, well-researched learning theories. These are: 1) classical conditioning
and 2) operant conditioning. Students learn by making simple associations between
cause and effect. If they respond correctly for that step, they are immediately
rewarded.
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) Was designed to assess intellectual disability in personal, social, and adaptive
functioning of disabled and nondisabled persons from birth to adulthood
Bloom's taxonomy Knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation
Glasser's lead teacher concept involves letting students make choices about their own learning.
acquisition stage of learning Using the skill under structured and repetitive conditions
assimilation Assimilation takes new information or experiences and incorporates them into our
existing ideas. Jill is a four-year-old child. Her mother has taught her how to brush
her hair. Today, her mother gave her a new brush and told Jill it was for her hair. Jill
immediately began to brush her hair.
Response to intervention (RTI) most appropriate for identifying students with learning disabilities. a system
designed to identify students at risk for poor academic and behavioral outcomes, so
the school can develop strategies to help the students succeed.
At least 90 days before the child turns three The time frame in which a conference needs to be scheduled to discuss a child
transitioning out of early intervention services?
Able to follow along actively when solving problems as a Work with students in ability-based groups
whole class using manipulatives but not when using
number lines. Which of the following best demonstrates
adjusting instruction based on individual need?
whole-language instruction a method of teaching children to read by recognizing words as whole pieces of
language. Proponents of the whole language philosophy believe that language
should not be broken down into letters and combinations of letters and "decoded."
Instead, they believe that language is a complete system of making meaning, with
words functioning in relation to each other in context.
intuitive thought sub-stage in Piaget's Preoperational cognitive development stage is the Intuitive
Thought sub-stage, which spans ages 4-7 years. Children in this substage of
development learn by asking questions such as, "Why?" and "How come?"
Preschool and Early
Childhood Praxis 5691
Updated Questions and
Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep
and Comprehensive
Rationales Included
,Procedural safeguard under (IDEA) The rights of parents, which include the right to participate in all meetings, examine
all educational records, and receive written notice regarding placement.
Psychoeducational model Focuses on how teachers must understand the causes of negative behavior and
how to help the student acquire self control through reflection and planning
Biological model psychological disorders are a result of biological issues.
Ecological model Urie Bronfenbrenner. development was affected by everything in their surrounding
environment. He divided the person's environment into five different levels: the
microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem, the macrosystem, and the
chronosystem
Humanistic model 1) Students' learning should be self-directed.
2) Schools should produce students who want and know how to learn.3) The only
form of meaningful evaluation is self-evaluation.
4) Feelings, as well as knowledge, are important in the learning process.
5) Students learn best in a nonthreatening environment
Dyscalculia difficulty with learning addition and subtraction facts, simple word problems, and
games that require logical reasoning.
Dyspraxia a form of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a common disorder
affecting fine and/or gross motor coordination in children and adults. It may also
affect speech. may present with difficulties with self-care, writing, typing, riding a
bike and play as well as other educational and recreational activities
Dysgraphia causes trouble with written expression, a specific learning disorder
Executive functioning Includes impulse control, attention, transitioning, planning, organizing, and initiating
tasks.
Family stress theory Families first experience grief and stress, and then they develop coping processes
and find the resources they need to help their child.
Special education teachers are expected to hold highly Core academic subjects .Alternate achievement standard .Multiple subjects
qualified status when teaching
Performance-based assessment Analyzes data that reflects how a student understands and applies knowledge. Use
data from measurable tasks that the students perform that are both meaningful and
engaging to students.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires that a student must have a specifically identified disability and must need
specifically designed instruction to be eligible for services.
Which of the following is most likely to help a 3-year-old Teaching the student how to do a picture walk through a book as a prereading
preschool student with a mild intellectual disability develop activity to reinforce comprehension skills. hands-on activities are a multisensory
literacy skills? way of teaching preschoolers the alphabet and numbers.
,Andy is an 8-year-old student with EBD. Andy is disruptive Providing supplementary aids, services, and behavioral accommodations
in the general education classroom, so the IEP team is demonstrates that all attempts have been made to accommodate the student and
recommending that he be placed in a self-contained make the general education environment the least restrictive environment.
classroom. Which of the following steps must be taken
before determining that a self-contained classroom would
be the least restrictive environment for Andy?
Diana v. State Board of Education (1970), Larry P. v. Riles Helped establish the principle of nondiscriminatory assessment of students from
(1972), and Lau v. Nichols (1974), influenced the drafting diverse cultural backgrounds.
of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
and addressed the issue of
Elaine is 3 years old. She exhibits age-appropriate motor Screening Elaine for receptive and expressive language skills. A screening will
skills, but her parents express concern that she does not provide information to determine if an additional evaluation is needed and is the first
answer questions verbally; she only points and nods or step in the evaluation process.
shakes her head. Which of the following actions is a
preschool teacher's best initial response to the situation?
Augmentative communication An approach that encompasses many different methods to build or augment
communication. Adapting existing vocal or gestural abilities and static symbols or
icons and using technological devices for speech and language are all examples
What is the most important goal for educators when Ensuring that students are successful and learn
collaborating with families of students?
protective factor "a characteristic at the biological, psychological, family, or community (including
peers and culture) level that is associated with a lower likelihood of problem
outcomes or that reduces the negative impact of a risk factor on problem
outcomes."
Discrete Trial Analysis A method of teaching new skills through small tasks in a structured, repetitive
manner. used to teach students with autism where targeted skills are broken down
into smaller, more manageable tasks.
Functional Behavioral Asessement A problem-solving process for addressing a student's problem behavior using a
variety of techniques and strategies. The process of gathering and analyzing
information about a student's behavior and accompanying circumstances in order to
determine the purpose or intent of the actions. This investigation is designed to help
educators determine the appropriateness of the student's present educational
placement and services, and whether changes would help the student to display
more acceptable behavior; identify positive interventions that would reduce the
undesirable behaviors; and identify appropriate behaviors to be substituted in the
place of the inappropriate ones.
Cognitive behavioral management A method of training students to recognize and replace destructive thought patterns
with constructive thought patterns
Manifestation determination A process that determines whether a problem behavior is attributable to a student's
disability, The purpose of this review is to determine whether or not the child's
behavior that led to the disciplinary infraction is linked to his or her disability.
Decoding the ability to apply your knowledge of letter-sound relationships, including
knowledge of letter patterns, to correctly pronounce written words
Phonemic awareness he ability to notice, think about, and work with the individual sounds in words.
Traditional Assessment are the conventional methods of testing which usually produce a written document,
such as a quiz, exam, or paper. Standardized tests, most state achievement tests,
and high school graduation examinations are also examples
, Authentic assessment students are being graded on hands-on activities, such as measuring objects to
assess their understanding of the concept of measurement
Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) serves youths with intellectual disabilities, children who are gifted and talented, and
children who are abused or neglected?
Self-advocacy the accommodations and strategies that will support their learning styles and
encourage them to communicate their needs. the ability to understand and
effectively communicate one's needs to other individuals.
Applied behavior analysis (ABA) Utilizes two, well-researched learning theories. These are: 1) classical conditioning
and 2) operant conditioning. Students learn by making simple associations between
cause and effect. If they respond correctly for that step, they are immediately
rewarded.
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) Was designed to assess intellectual disability in personal, social, and adaptive
functioning of disabled and nondisabled persons from birth to adulthood
Bloom's taxonomy Knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation
Glasser's lead teacher concept involves letting students make choices about their own learning.
acquisition stage of learning Using the skill under structured and repetitive conditions
assimilation Assimilation takes new information or experiences and incorporates them into our
existing ideas. Jill is a four-year-old child. Her mother has taught her how to brush
her hair. Today, her mother gave her a new brush and told Jill it was for her hair. Jill
immediately began to brush her hair.
Response to intervention (RTI) most appropriate for identifying students with learning disabilities. a system
designed to identify students at risk for poor academic and behavioral outcomes, so
the school can develop strategies to help the students succeed.
At least 90 days before the child turns three The time frame in which a conference needs to be scheduled to discuss a child
transitioning out of early intervention services?
Able to follow along actively when solving problems as a Work with students in ability-based groups
whole class using manipulatives but not when using
number lines. Which of the following best demonstrates
adjusting instruction based on individual need?
whole-language instruction a method of teaching children to read by recognizing words as whole pieces of
language. Proponents of the whole language philosophy believe that language
should not be broken down into letters and combinations of letters and "decoded."
Instead, they believe that language is a complete system of making meaning, with
words functioning in relation to each other in context.
intuitive thought sub-stage in Piaget's Preoperational cognitive development stage is the Intuitive
Thought sub-stage, which spans ages 4-7 years. Children in this substage of
development learn by asking questions such as, "Why?" and "How come?"
