SPECIMEN COLLECTION (PHLEBOTOMY) UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Anticoagulants mode of action
Answer:
1. remove calcium required for blood coagulation by forming calcium salts: EDTA, sodium citrate,
potassium oxalate, acid citrate dextrose (ACD), sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS)
2. binds to antithrombin to inhibit thrombin and activated factor X in plasma: heparin
Question:
2. ACD is also a...
Answer:
RBC nutrient
Question:
3. SPS is also used...
Answer:
-blood cultures
-also inhibits complement, phagocytosis and decreases activity of certain antibiotics
Question:
4. Standards for procedures and safety
Answer:
-set by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
-OSHA mandates safety policies and procedures for the protection of healthcare workers from
occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens
Question:
5. Arterial blood collection
Answer:
-used to measure O2, CO2, pH via arterial blood gasses (ABGs)
-uses radial, brachial and femoral arteries with heparinized syringe (special plastic with lyophilized
heparin)
-specimen maintained at 1-5 degrees C and brought to lab (on ice)
Question:
6. Skin puncture collection
Answer:
-mixture of blood from arterioles, venues, capillaries, tissue fluids
-specimen resembles arterial blood more than venous blood
Question:
7. Skin puncture is the method of choice for...
, Answer:
-pediatric patients
-adults who are obese, have severe burns or thrombotic tendencies
-elderly with fragile veins
-POCT
Question:
8. Skin puncture on newborns and infants less than 1 year
Answer:
-using lateral or medial plantar heel surface
-never at posterior curvature
Question:
9. Skin puncture on adults and children older than 1 year
Answer:
-use palmar surface of the distal or end segment of the middle or ring finger of non dominant hand
-across fingerprints allows blood to form a drop
Question:
10. Skin puncture equipment
Answer:
-lancet (sterile, disposable, pointed instrument)
-microcollection containers/tubes with or without additives
Question:
11. Skin puncture procedure
Answer:
-review requisition for appropriate info
-identify and greet patient
-verify dietary restrictions and latex sensitivity
-wash hands, put on gloves
-assemble supplies (alcohol wipes, gauze, lancet, collection tubes, etc.)
-position patient, select puncture site, warm site
-cleans site sire with 70% alcohol in concentric circles working from inside to out
-allow to air dry
Question:
12. Skin puncture procedure cont.
Answer:
-open new, sterile lancet, inspect device
-perform skin puncture while firmly holding heel or finger
-dispose puncture device in sharps container
-wipe away first drop of blood
-collect blood in appropriate collection tube and mix if needle
-apply pressure and elevate puncture site
-label each specimen with required info
-handle specimens appropriately
-discard all equipment and biohazards material appropriately
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Anticoagulants mode of action
Answer:
1. remove calcium required for blood coagulation by forming calcium salts: EDTA, sodium citrate,
potassium oxalate, acid citrate dextrose (ACD), sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS)
2. binds to antithrombin to inhibit thrombin and activated factor X in plasma: heparin
Question:
2. ACD is also a...
Answer:
RBC nutrient
Question:
3. SPS is also used...
Answer:
-blood cultures
-also inhibits complement, phagocytosis and decreases activity of certain antibiotics
Question:
4. Standards for procedures and safety
Answer:
-set by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
-OSHA mandates safety policies and procedures for the protection of healthcare workers from
occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens
Question:
5. Arterial blood collection
Answer:
-used to measure O2, CO2, pH via arterial blood gasses (ABGs)
-uses radial, brachial and femoral arteries with heparinized syringe (special plastic with lyophilized
heparin)
-specimen maintained at 1-5 degrees C and brought to lab (on ice)
Question:
6. Skin puncture collection
Answer:
-mixture of blood from arterioles, venues, capillaries, tissue fluids
-specimen resembles arterial blood more than venous blood
Question:
7. Skin puncture is the method of choice for...
, Answer:
-pediatric patients
-adults who are obese, have severe burns or thrombotic tendencies
-elderly with fragile veins
-POCT
Question:
8. Skin puncture on newborns and infants less than 1 year
Answer:
-using lateral or medial plantar heel surface
-never at posterior curvature
Question:
9. Skin puncture on adults and children older than 1 year
Answer:
-use palmar surface of the distal or end segment of the middle or ring finger of non dominant hand
-across fingerprints allows blood to form a drop
Question:
10. Skin puncture equipment
Answer:
-lancet (sterile, disposable, pointed instrument)
-microcollection containers/tubes with or without additives
Question:
11. Skin puncture procedure
Answer:
-review requisition for appropriate info
-identify and greet patient
-verify dietary restrictions and latex sensitivity
-wash hands, put on gloves
-assemble supplies (alcohol wipes, gauze, lancet, collection tubes, etc.)
-position patient, select puncture site, warm site
-cleans site sire with 70% alcohol in concentric circles working from inside to out
-allow to air dry
Question:
12. Skin puncture procedure cont.
Answer:
-open new, sterile lancet, inspect device
-perform skin puncture while firmly holding heel or finger
-dispose puncture device in sharps container
-wipe away first drop of blood
-collect blood in appropriate collection tube and mix if needle
-apply pressure and elevate puncture site
-label each specimen with required info
-handle specimens appropriately
-discard all equipment and biohazards material appropriately
