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Guide to Anthropometry: A Practical Tool for Program Planners, Managers, and Implementers

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Guide to Anthropometry: A Practical Tool for Program Planners, Managers, and Implementers is a valuable educational and professional resource for learners and practitioners seeking to understand the principles, applications, and practical importance of anthropometric assessment. Designed around the use of anthropometry in health and nutrition programs, this resource can support students, program planners, managers, implementers, researchers, and public health professionals as they develop a stronger understanding of anthropometric measurements and their role in assessing nutritional and health status. Anthropometry provides an important set of tools for collecting information about physical dimensions and body composition. Measurements such as weight, height or length, body mass index, mid-upper arm circumference, and other indicators can provide useful information for monitoring growth, nutritional status, and population health. Understanding how these measurements are selected, collected, interpreted, and used is therefore important for professionals involved in nutrition and public health programming. Comprehensive Anthropometry Review This study resource is designed to help learners review the major concepts associated with anthropometry and understand how anthropometric information can contribute to program planning and decision-making. The material can be particularly useful for students studying nutrition, public health, food systems, community health, global health, epidemiology, maternal and child health, and related disciplines. Rather than focusing only on definitions, learners can use the resource to reinforce the practical applications of anthropometry and understand why accurate measurements are important when evaluating individuals and populations. Understanding Anthropometric Measurements Anthropometric assessment involves the measurement of physical characteristics of the human body. These measurements can be used to identify patterns of growth, assess nutritional conditions, monitor changes over time, and support health and nutrition interventions. Important concepts commonly associated with anthropometry include: Weight measurement Height and stature Recumbent length Body mass index Mid-upper arm circumference Growth monitoring Nutritional assessment Anthropometric indicators Measurement accuracy Standardization Data quality Interpretation of results A strong understanding of these concepts can help students appreciate how anthropometric data are collected and transformed into meaningful information for health and nutrition programs. Useful for Program Planners and Managers Anthropometric information can play an important role in program planning. Reliable data can help program teams understand the nutritional situation of a target population, identify groups requiring attention, monitor program performance, and evaluate changes over time. For program planners and managers, understanding the strengths and limitations of anthropometric indicators is essential. Measurements should be collected using appropriate procedures, equipment, and standards so that the resulting information can support sound decisions. This resource can therefore be used as a supplemental learning tool for professionals who want to strengthen their knowledge of the practical role of anthropometry within program management. Nutrition and Public Health Applications Anthropometry is closely connected with nutrition assessment and public health. Measurements can contribute to the assessment of undernutrition, growth patterns, overweight, obesity, and other conditions associated with nutritional status. Students can use this resource to explore how anthropometric information can be incorporated into broader nutrition assessment approaches. It can also help learners understand why anthropometric measurements should be considered within the context of other relevant health, dietary, socioeconomic, and environmental information. This broader perspective is particularly important when working with communities and populations where nutritional outcomes may be influenced by multiple factors. Support for Community and Global Health Programs Anthropometric measurements are frequently relevant to community-based and population-level health initiatives. Health and nutrition programs may use anthropometric information when designing interventions, identifying priorities, allocating resources, and monitoring progress. Students and professionals working in global health, humanitarian programs, community nutrition, maternal and child health, and development programs can use this study resource to reinforce their understanding of these applications. The material can also support learners preparing for coursework involving nutrition surveys, community assessments, program monitoring, and evaluation. Improve Data Collection Knowledge Accurate anthropometric data depend on appropriate measurement techniques and consistent procedures. Even small measurement errors can influence the interpretation of results, particularly when data are collected across large populations or at multiple points in time. A strong understanding of measurement procedures, equipment, positioning, recording, and quality control can therefore improve the reliability of collected information. This resource can help learners appreciate the importance of standardization and quality assurance when conducting anthropometric assessments. Practical Learning Resource One of the most useful features of a practical anthropometry resource is its connection between theory and real-world program implementation. Students can move beyond memorizing terminology and consider how anthropometric measurements are actually used in field settings. The resource can be incorporated into study sessions involving: Nutrition assessment Community health assessment Public health program planning Monitoring and evaluation Population health research Maternal and child nutrition Growth monitoring Food and nutrition programs Global health projects Humanitarian nutrition programs Helpful for Students and Professionals This resource may be useful for: Nutrition students Public health students Nursing students Dietetics students Epidemiology students Global health students Community health professionals Nutrition program managers Public health practitioners Researchers Monitoring and evaluation professionals Health program implementers Development professionals It can serve as a supplemental reference during coursework, research preparation, field training, professional development, or program planning. Strengthen Critical Thinking Anthropometric data should not simply be collected; they must be interpreted appropriately. Learners need to understand what different measurements indicate, how indicators are calculated or classified, and how findings can influence program decisions. Question-based review and structured study can encourage learners to think critically about measurement quality, interpretation, population differences, and program applications. This approach can help students become more comfortable working with anthropometric information and applying concepts to practical public health situations. Support Monitoring and Evaluation Monitoring and evaluation are essential components of health and nutrition programs. Anthropometric indicators may provide useful information for assessing changes in nutritional status and evaluating whether interventions are achieving intended objectives. Understanding how measurements can be incorporated into monitoring frameworks can help program professionals develop more meaningful approaches to data collection and analysis. The resource can therefore complement broader study of program design, implementation, monitoring, evaluation, and evidence-based decision-making. Convenient Study Companion Students can use this resource alongside textbooks, lectures, class notes, research articles, and instructor-provided materials. It can be particularly useful when preparing for examinations or reviewing material before assignments and practical assessments. A recommended study approach is to first review the relevant anthropometry concepts, then practice applying them to realistic examples and program situations. Learners can return to challenging concepts and use additional references to strengthen their understanding. Key Learning Areas This resource can help reinforce knowledge related to: Principles of anthropometry Anthropometric assessment Nutrition assessment Growth assessment Anthropometric indicators Measurement techniques Data collection Measurement standardization Quality control Program planning Program implementation Monitoring and evaluation Public health nutrition Community nutrition Maternal and child health Population health Global health Nutrition program management Final Product Benefits Guide to Anthropometry: A Practical Tool for Program Planners, Managers, and Implementers is a practical study resource for anyone seeking a stronger foundation in the collection and use of anthropometric information. By combining conceptual review with practical applications, learners can better understand why anthropometry matters, how measurements contribute to nutrition and health assessment, and how reliable data can support program decisions. Whether you are a student preparing for an examination, a researcher reviewing nutrition assessment methods, or a public health professional involved in program planning and implementation, this resource can provide a useful foundation for further learning. Use it alongside authoritative course materials and professional guidance to strengthen your understanding of anthropometry and its role in nutrition, health assessment, monitoring, and program implementation. Product Highlights Practical resource for learning anthropometry Useful for nutrition and public health students Supports understanding of anthropometric measurements Covers practical applications of anthropometric assessment Helpful for program planners and managers Supports community and population health learning Useful for monitoring and evaluation studies Reinforces nutrition assessment concepts Encourages critical thinking and practical application Suitable for academic and professional development Helpful for research and field-program preparation Designed as a supplemental educational resource Note: This product is intended as an educational and study aid. It should be used together with the applicable textbook, official guidelines, instructor materials, professional standards, and other authoritative sources. It is not presented as an official examination or confidential assessment material.

Content preview

GUIDE TO ANTHROPOMETRY
A Practical Tool for Program
Planners, Managers, and
Implementers
Kristen Cashin and Lesley Oot

May 2018



FANTA III
FOOD AND NUTRITION
T E C H N I C A L A S S I S TA N C E




GUIDE TO ANTHROPOMETRY: A PRACTICAL TOOL FOR PROGRAM PLANNERS, MANAGERS, AND IMPLEMENTERS 1

, Introduction
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
to the Guide




Acknowledgements
Many people contributed to the creation of this guide—developing the concept, writing and reorganizing the text,
and providing technical feedback on its accuracy, flow, and usability. The authors of the Guide to Anthropometry:
A Practical Tool for Program Planners, Managers, and Implementers wish to thank Deborah Collison, Jennifer
Crum, and Tina Lloren (FHI 360/FANTA) for their support designing, writing, and reviewing sections of the
guide. In addition, we are grateful to Sujata Bose, Megan Deitchler, Zeina Maalouf-Manasseh, Sandra Remancus,
Kavita Sethuraman, A. Elisabeth Sommerfelt, and Monica Woldt (FHI 360/FANTA) for their technical review and
feedback on the flow and design of the guide. We would also like to thank Monika Bloessner (then with World
Health Organization [WHO] Department of Nutrition) and Mercedes de Onis (WHO) for providing valuable
technical support and thoughtful answers to many questions. Finally, we appreciate the extensive support from
Anna Lisi, Katherine Sanchez, and Pamela Sutton (FHI 360/FANTA) in editing the guide, Kay Garcia (FHI 360) for
the illustrations, and Heather Finegan (FHI 360/FANTA) for the graphic design and layout of the guide.




Recommended Citation Funding Disclaimer
Kristen Cashin and Lesley Oot. 2018. Guide to This guide is made possible by the generous support
Anthropometry: A Practical Tool for Program Planners, of the American people through the support of
Managers, and Implementers. Washington, DC: Food USAID’s Office of Maternal and Child Health and
and Nutrition Technical Assistance III Project (FANTA)/ Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health, under terms of
FHI 360. Cooperative Agreement No. AID-OAA-A-12-00005,
through FANTA, managed by FHI 360. The contents
are the responsibility of FHI 360 and do not
necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United
States Government.




GUIDE TO ANTHROPOMETRY: A PRACTICAL TOOL FOR PROGRAM PLANNERS, MANAGERS, AND IMPLEMENTERS i

, Introduction ABBREVIATIONS &
to the Guide ACRONYMS




Abbreviations and Acronyms
BMI body mass index MGRS Multicentre Growth Reference Study
CDC U.S. Centers for Disease Control and MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey
Prevention
MUAC mid-upper arm circumference
CMAM community-based management of acute
malnutrition NCHS National Center for Health Statistics

DHS Demographic and Health Survey NGO nongovernmental organization

FANTA Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance SAM severe acute malnutrition
III Project SD standard deviation
GDP gross domestic product SGA small for gestational age
HFA height-for-age TB tuberculosis
HIV human immunodeficiency virus UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund
INTER- International Fetal and Newborn Growth USAID U.S. Agency for International
GROWTH 21st Consortium for the 21st Century Development
IOM Institute of Medicine WFA weight-for-age
IPC Integrated Food Security Phase WFH weight-for-height
Classification
WHO World Health Organization
LBW low birth weight
MAM moderate acute malnutrition




GUIDE TO ANTHROPOMETRY: A PRACTICAL TOOL FOR PROGRAM PLANNERS, MANAGERS, AND IMPLEMENTERS ii

, Introduction WHAT IS THE GUIDE &
to the Guide WHO IS THE AUDIENCE?




What Is the FANTA Guide to Anthropometry?
The FANTA Guide to Anthropometry is a user-friendly reference that provides up-to-date information on
anthropometry—the measurement of the human body—and how to use it to assess and understand the nutritional
status of individuals and populations. It replaces the Anthropometric Indicators Measurement Guide, published in
2003, and provides comprehensive information on the importance of good nutrition, common nutrition conditions,
anthropometric measurements, indices, and indicators; and data interpretation as well as measurement protocols and
information on equipment selection. The new guide reflects several significant advances, including the release of the
World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards and the WHO Growth Reference for children 5–19 years, the
use of mid-upper arm circumference as a key indicator for acute malnutrition, and the increased interest in the nutrition
of adolescents and adults in developing countries.

The guide focuses on anthropometric measurements that are commonly used in low-resource settings and that require
reasonably affordable and accessible equipment. It does not discuss measurements that require unique or expensive
equipment that is not commonly available in low-resource settings (e.g., sonogram equipment to determine gestational
age). The guide does not provide information on planning and implementing surveys. Guidance on survey planning and
implementation is forthcoming from Feed the Future and WHO. Links to those resources will be added here when
available.

Who Is the Audience for the Guide?
The guide helps health and development professionals to better collect, understand, and/or use anthropometric data
as part of service provision, surveillance, surveys, monitoring and evaluation, or program design. The guidance here,
including the protocols, can be used as part of providing regular health services in a clinic or community setting or
to inform the use of anthropometric measurement in population-based surveys. The guide is also useful for anyone
engaged in improving or understanding food security, nutrition, or health in developing countries who wishes to better
understand the information provided through anthropometry.




GUIDE TO ANTHROPOMETRY: A PRACTICAL TOOL FOR PROGRAM PLANNERS, MANAGERS, AND IMPLEMENTERS 1

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