HSCO 506 Exam 3 - Liberty University (Version ii) Attempt Score:
HSCO 506 Exam 3
Liberty University — Complete Solution (Version ii)
Integration of Spirituality and Counseling
Attempt Score: 100 Out of 100 | 75 Questions | Cognitive Mix: 30% Recall, 50% Application, 20% Analysis |
Format: 70% Scenario-Based, 30% Direct Recall
Section 1: Integration Models and Theoretical Frameworks
Enemies, Spies, Colonialists, Neutral Parties, & Allies Models (Q1-Q15)
Q1: Dr. Reyes operates from the assumption that psychology and theology are fundamentally
incompatible because they rest on contradictory epistemological commitments. She refuses to
integrate them and tells clients that Christian theology must always be prioritized over psychological
findings, even when those findings are empirically robust. Which of Entwistle's integration models
best describes Dr. Reyes's stance?
A. Spies, because she selectively uses psychological concepts only when they confirm theology.
B. Colonialists, because she wants psychology to conquer and rule theology.
C. Enemies (Combatant variant), because she views psychology and theology as mutually hostile
and sides with theology. [CORRECT]
D. Neutral Parties, because she keeps the two disciplines strictly separate.
Correct Answer: C — Enemies (Combatant variant), because she views psychology and theology as
mutually hostile and sides with theology.
Rationale: Entwistle's Enemies model comes in two variants: Combatants (who believe one side must defeat the
other) and Secularists (who discard theology). Dr. Reyes's refusal to integrate and insistence on theology dominating
psychology reflects the Combatant variant of the Enemies model. Spies (A) selectively smuggle psychological concepts
into theology, which she does not do. Colonialists (B) want theology to dominate psychology—a close distractor, but
Colonialists actually do integrate by absorbing psychology into theology, whereas Enemies refuse integration entirely.
Neutral Parties (D) keep disciplines parallel without conflict, which contradicts her antagonistic posture.
Q2: A Christian counselor reads secular psychology journals and selectively adopts only those
concepts that appear to harmonize with Scripture, while quietly discarding the rest. He never tells his
secular colleagues about the theological filter guiding his selections. Entwistle would most accurately
classify this approach as which model?
A. Allies, because he is ultimately integrating faith and psychology.
B. Spies, because he smuggles Christian commitments into secular psychology without disclosing
them. [CORRECT]
C. Colonialists, because he is colonizing psychology with theology.
D. Neutral Parties, because he respects both domains.
Correct Answer: B — Spies, because he smuggles Christian commitments into secular psychology
without disclosing them.
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,HSCO 506 Exam 3 - Liberty University (Version ii) Attempt Score:
Rationale: The Spies model, as Entwistle describes it, attempts to work within secular psychology while secretly
importing theistic commitments, selecting only findings compatible with faith and discarding the rest without
disclosure. Allies (A) integrate openly, assuming both are sources of truth under God. Colonialists (C) explicitly
subordinate psychology to theology rather than operate covertly. Neutral Parties (D) maintain strict separation rather
than selective borrowing.
Q3: Which of the following is NOT one of the five integration models presented in Entwistle's
Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity?
A. Enemies
B. Spies
C. Colonialists
D. Syncretists [CORRECT]
Correct Answer: D — Syncretists
Rationale: Entwistle's five models are Enemies, Spies, Colonialists, Neutral Parties, and Allies. "Syncretists" is not one
of Entwistle's categories; syncretism is actually treated as an integration error to avoid, not a model. The other three
options (Enemies, Spies, Colonialists) are legitimate Entwistle models.
Q4: According to Entwistle, the Allies model rests on which foundational epistemological conviction?
A. Reason and revelation are mutually exclusive paths to truth.
B. All truth is God's truth, so psychology and theology can mutually inform one another under
the lordship of Christ. [CORRECT]
C. Psychology must colonize theology by redefining doctrinal terms.
D. Theological claims cannot be evaluated empirically, so they must be bracketed out of counseling.
Correct Answer: B — All truth is God's truth, so psychology and theology can mutually inform one
another under the lordship of Christ.
Rationale: The Allies model is anchored in the conviction that "all truth is God's truth," meaning both special
revelation (Scripture) and general revelation (including empirical psychology) originate from God and cannot
ultimately contradict each other. This allows for mutual, humble integration under Christ's lordship. Option A reflects
Enemies-style epistemology. Option C describes Colonialism. Option D reflects a Neutral Parties posture that brackets
theology.
Q5: A counselor tells her supervisor, "I think theology and psychology each have their own language
game and domain of authority. I use whichever is most helpful in session and never let them actually
engage each other." Which Entwistle model is she practicing?
A. Neutral Parties [CORRECT]
B. Allies
C. Spies
D. Colonialists
Correct Answer: A — Neutral Parties
Rationale: The Neutral Parties model treats psychology and theology as parallel but non-interacting disciplines, each
with its own domain. The counselor's refusal to let the two actually engage is the hallmark of neutrality rather than
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, HSCO 506 Exam 3 - Liberty University (Version ii) Attempt Score:
integration. Allies (B) would engage the two disciplines in dialogue. Spies (C) would secretly import theology into
psychology. Colonialists (D) would explicitly subordinate one to the other.
Q6: Which historical/philosophical movement is most associated with the assumption that only
empirical, observable phenomena count as genuine knowledge, thereby marginalizing theological
claims in the integration conversation?
A. Postmodernism
B. Modernism (specifically its empiricist strand) [CORRECT]
C. Scholasticism
D. Pietism
Correct Answer: B — Modernism (specifically its empiricist strand)
Rationale: Modernism, particularly in its empiricist and positivist strands, restricted knowledge to what is observable,
measurable, and empirically verifiable, which has the effect of marginalizing theological claims. Postmodernism (A)
questions all metanarratives, including empirical ones. Scholasticism (C) sought to harmonize faith and reason.
Pietism (D) emphasized personal devotion, not epistemic restriction.
Q7: A counselor insists that since God is the author of both Scripture and the created order, apparent
conflicts between psychology and theology are due to human fallibility in interpreting one or both
sources, and the appropriate response is patient, humble dialogue. This reasoning most directly
reflects which model's working assumption?
A. Enemies (Secularist variant)
B. Colonialists
C. Allies [CORRECT]
D. Neutral Parties
Correct Answer: C — Allies
Rationale: The Allies model holds that because God authored both books of revelation (Scripture and nature),
apparent conflicts reflect interpretive failure rather than genuine contradiction. The faithful response is humble,
two-book dialogue. Enemies-Secularists (A) would discard theology. Colonialists (B) would force psychology under
theology without dialogue. Neutral Parties (D) would not pursue integration through dialogue at all.
Q8: Which of the following best captures the Colonialist model's distinctive assumption, as Entwistle
describes it?
A. Theology and psychology are enemies locked in irreconcilable conflict.
B. Theology provides the master framework into which psychology is absorbed and
reinterpreted. [CORRECT]
C. Psychology and theology operate in separate, non-overlapping domains.
D. Psychology should silently reshape theology from within.
Correct Answer: B — Theology provides the master framework into which psychology is absorbed
and reinterpreted.
Rationale: Colonialists, in Entwistle's usage, functionally subordinate psychology to theology by absorbing
psychological insights only after they have been reinterpreted within a theological framework. Theology is the
Page 3
HSCO 506 Exam 3
Liberty University — Complete Solution (Version ii)
Integration of Spirituality and Counseling
Attempt Score: 100 Out of 100 | 75 Questions | Cognitive Mix: 30% Recall, 50% Application, 20% Analysis |
Format: 70% Scenario-Based, 30% Direct Recall
Section 1: Integration Models and Theoretical Frameworks
Enemies, Spies, Colonialists, Neutral Parties, & Allies Models (Q1-Q15)
Q1: Dr. Reyes operates from the assumption that psychology and theology are fundamentally
incompatible because they rest on contradictory epistemological commitments. She refuses to
integrate them and tells clients that Christian theology must always be prioritized over psychological
findings, even when those findings are empirically robust. Which of Entwistle's integration models
best describes Dr. Reyes's stance?
A. Spies, because she selectively uses psychological concepts only when they confirm theology.
B. Colonialists, because she wants psychology to conquer and rule theology.
C. Enemies (Combatant variant), because she views psychology and theology as mutually hostile
and sides with theology. [CORRECT]
D. Neutral Parties, because she keeps the two disciplines strictly separate.
Correct Answer: C — Enemies (Combatant variant), because she views psychology and theology as
mutually hostile and sides with theology.
Rationale: Entwistle's Enemies model comes in two variants: Combatants (who believe one side must defeat the
other) and Secularists (who discard theology). Dr. Reyes's refusal to integrate and insistence on theology dominating
psychology reflects the Combatant variant of the Enemies model. Spies (A) selectively smuggle psychological concepts
into theology, which she does not do. Colonialists (B) want theology to dominate psychology—a close distractor, but
Colonialists actually do integrate by absorbing psychology into theology, whereas Enemies refuse integration entirely.
Neutral Parties (D) keep disciplines parallel without conflict, which contradicts her antagonistic posture.
Q2: A Christian counselor reads secular psychology journals and selectively adopts only those
concepts that appear to harmonize with Scripture, while quietly discarding the rest. He never tells his
secular colleagues about the theological filter guiding his selections. Entwistle would most accurately
classify this approach as which model?
A. Allies, because he is ultimately integrating faith and psychology.
B. Spies, because he smuggles Christian commitments into secular psychology without disclosing
them. [CORRECT]
C. Colonialists, because he is colonizing psychology with theology.
D. Neutral Parties, because he respects both domains.
Correct Answer: B — Spies, because he smuggles Christian commitments into secular psychology
without disclosing them.
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,HSCO 506 Exam 3 - Liberty University (Version ii) Attempt Score:
Rationale: The Spies model, as Entwistle describes it, attempts to work within secular psychology while secretly
importing theistic commitments, selecting only findings compatible with faith and discarding the rest without
disclosure. Allies (A) integrate openly, assuming both are sources of truth under God. Colonialists (C) explicitly
subordinate psychology to theology rather than operate covertly. Neutral Parties (D) maintain strict separation rather
than selective borrowing.
Q3: Which of the following is NOT one of the five integration models presented in Entwistle's
Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity?
A. Enemies
B. Spies
C. Colonialists
D. Syncretists [CORRECT]
Correct Answer: D — Syncretists
Rationale: Entwistle's five models are Enemies, Spies, Colonialists, Neutral Parties, and Allies. "Syncretists" is not one
of Entwistle's categories; syncretism is actually treated as an integration error to avoid, not a model. The other three
options (Enemies, Spies, Colonialists) are legitimate Entwistle models.
Q4: According to Entwistle, the Allies model rests on which foundational epistemological conviction?
A. Reason and revelation are mutually exclusive paths to truth.
B. All truth is God's truth, so psychology and theology can mutually inform one another under
the lordship of Christ. [CORRECT]
C. Psychology must colonize theology by redefining doctrinal terms.
D. Theological claims cannot be evaluated empirically, so they must be bracketed out of counseling.
Correct Answer: B — All truth is God's truth, so psychology and theology can mutually inform one
another under the lordship of Christ.
Rationale: The Allies model is anchored in the conviction that "all truth is God's truth," meaning both special
revelation (Scripture) and general revelation (including empirical psychology) originate from God and cannot
ultimately contradict each other. This allows for mutual, humble integration under Christ's lordship. Option A reflects
Enemies-style epistemology. Option C describes Colonialism. Option D reflects a Neutral Parties posture that brackets
theology.
Q5: A counselor tells her supervisor, "I think theology and psychology each have their own language
game and domain of authority. I use whichever is most helpful in session and never let them actually
engage each other." Which Entwistle model is she practicing?
A. Neutral Parties [CORRECT]
B. Allies
C. Spies
D. Colonialists
Correct Answer: A — Neutral Parties
Rationale: The Neutral Parties model treats psychology and theology as parallel but non-interacting disciplines, each
with its own domain. The counselor's refusal to let the two actually engage is the hallmark of neutrality rather than
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, HSCO 506 Exam 3 - Liberty University (Version ii) Attempt Score:
integration. Allies (B) would engage the two disciplines in dialogue. Spies (C) would secretly import theology into
psychology. Colonialists (D) would explicitly subordinate one to the other.
Q6: Which historical/philosophical movement is most associated with the assumption that only
empirical, observable phenomena count as genuine knowledge, thereby marginalizing theological
claims in the integration conversation?
A. Postmodernism
B. Modernism (specifically its empiricist strand) [CORRECT]
C. Scholasticism
D. Pietism
Correct Answer: B — Modernism (specifically its empiricist strand)
Rationale: Modernism, particularly in its empiricist and positivist strands, restricted knowledge to what is observable,
measurable, and empirically verifiable, which has the effect of marginalizing theological claims. Postmodernism (A)
questions all metanarratives, including empirical ones. Scholasticism (C) sought to harmonize faith and reason.
Pietism (D) emphasized personal devotion, not epistemic restriction.
Q7: A counselor insists that since God is the author of both Scripture and the created order, apparent
conflicts between psychology and theology are due to human fallibility in interpreting one or both
sources, and the appropriate response is patient, humble dialogue. This reasoning most directly
reflects which model's working assumption?
A. Enemies (Secularist variant)
B. Colonialists
C. Allies [CORRECT]
D. Neutral Parties
Correct Answer: C — Allies
Rationale: The Allies model holds that because God authored both books of revelation (Scripture and nature),
apparent conflicts reflect interpretive failure rather than genuine contradiction. The faithful response is humble,
two-book dialogue. Enemies-Secularists (A) would discard theology. Colonialists (B) would force psychology under
theology without dialogue. Neutral Parties (D) would not pursue integration through dialogue at all.
Q8: Which of the following best captures the Colonialist model's distinctive assumption, as Entwistle
describes it?
A. Theology and psychology are enemies locked in irreconcilable conflict.
B. Theology provides the master framework into which psychology is absorbed and
reinterpreted. [CORRECT]
C. Psychology and theology operate in separate, non-overlapping domains.
D. Psychology should silently reshape theology from within.
Correct Answer: B — Theology provides the master framework into which psychology is absorbed
and reinterpreted.
Rationale: Colonialists, in Entwistle's usage, functionally subordinate psychology to theology by absorbing
psychological insights only after they have been reinterpreted within a theological framework. Theology is the
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