lOMoAR cPSD| 57629747
Nursing Theory Term test 2
, lOMoAR cPSD| 57629747
Week 4: Nursing Care Management of Hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease and Heart
Failure
Cardiac Conditions and Statistics
● Heart disease is a leading cause of death in Canada, second only to cancer. Every 7
minutes, someone dies from heart disease or stroke.
● Over 2.4 million Canadians over age 20 experience ischemic heart disease, with 70,000
cases of myocardial infarction (MI) annually, of which 14,000 are fatal.
● Cardiovascular diseases cost over $20.9 billion yearly in Canada due to healthcare
expenses and lost productivity.
Key Conditions
● Hypertension (HTN): Persistent high blood pressure. Major risk factor for MI, heart
failure, stroke, and renal disease.
○ Symptoms: Often asymptomatic, called the "silent killer"; can cause organ damage
if untreated.
○ Diagnosis: BP readings of ≥140/90 mm Hg on at least two occasions; <130/85 if
diabetic or with renal disease.
● Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Narrowing of coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis,
leading to reduced oxygen to the heart muscle.
○ Risk Factors: Nonmodifiable (age, gender, genetics) and modifiable (smoking,
hypertension, obesity, diabetes).
○ Management: Lifestyle changes (exercise, diet), cholesterol-lowering drugs, and,
if necessary, surgical intervention.
● Angina: Chest pain from temporary oxygen deficiency to the heart muscle.
○ Types: Stable (predictable, relieved by rest) vs. unstable (new, worsens,
emergency).
Nursing Theory Term test 2
, lOMoAR cPSD| 57629747
Week 4: Nursing Care Management of Hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease and Heart
Failure
Cardiac Conditions and Statistics
● Heart disease is a leading cause of death in Canada, second only to cancer. Every 7
minutes, someone dies from heart disease or stroke.
● Over 2.4 million Canadians over age 20 experience ischemic heart disease, with 70,000
cases of myocardial infarction (MI) annually, of which 14,000 are fatal.
● Cardiovascular diseases cost over $20.9 billion yearly in Canada due to healthcare
expenses and lost productivity.
Key Conditions
● Hypertension (HTN): Persistent high blood pressure. Major risk factor for MI, heart
failure, stroke, and renal disease.
○ Symptoms: Often asymptomatic, called the "silent killer"; can cause organ damage
if untreated.
○ Diagnosis: BP readings of ≥140/90 mm Hg on at least two occasions; <130/85 if
diabetic or with renal disease.
● Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Narrowing of coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis,
leading to reduced oxygen to the heart muscle.
○ Risk Factors: Nonmodifiable (age, gender, genetics) and modifiable (smoking,
hypertension, obesity, diabetes).
○ Management: Lifestyle changes (exercise, diet), cholesterol-lowering drugs, and,
if necessary, surgical intervention.
● Angina: Chest pain from temporary oxygen deficiency to the heart muscle.
○ Types: Stable (predictable, relieved by rest) vs. unstable (new, worsens,
emergency).
