STATS 200 MSU EXAM 1 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Explanatory variable
Answer:
The variable that is manipulated by researchers.
Question:
2. Response variable
Answer:
The variable that is observed by researchers.
Question:
3. Treatment group
Answer:
The group of subjects in a study that receives a treatment.
Question:
4. Control group
Answer:
A separate group of subjects in a study that does not receive the treatment.
Question:
5. Controlled experiment
Answer:
An experiment where researchers impose a treatment on one group of subjects (treatment group) and
do not im-pose it on a separate group (control group).
Question:
6. Placebo effect
Answer:
The psychological and physical response to treatments that have no physiological effect.
Question:
7. Double-blind study
Answer:
A study where neither the child, the parents, the person administering the shot, nor the health
professionals mak-ing a diagnosis are aware of whether the child received the vaccine or the placebo.
Question:
8. Confounding factors
Answer:
Any underlying factors besides the treatment which affect both the treatment and the response
variable.
, Question:
9. Randomization
Answer:
The process that avoids any sort of bias in the choice of treatment and control group subjects.
Question:
10. Observational studies
Answer:
Studies where researchers are limited to simply observing subjects without interfering in their
behavior.
Question:
11. Causal conclusions
Answer:
Conclusions that can be reasonably made based on ex-periments but are treacherous when based on
observa-tional data.
Question:
12. Associations
Answer:
What observational studies are generally only sufficient to show.
Question:
13. Parental consent
Answer:
A confounding factor in the polio vaccine experiment.
Question:
14. Data collection in observational studies
Answer:
Generally collected only by monitoring what occurs.
Question:
15. Primary explanatory variable in experiments
Answer:
Must be assigned for each subject by the researchers.
Question:
16. Population of Interest
Answer:
The collection of all people/cases/items we want to learn about.
Question:
17. Sample
Answer:
A subset of the population that researchers gather data from instead of measuring the entire
population of inter-est.
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Explanatory variable
Answer:
The variable that is manipulated by researchers.
Question:
2. Response variable
Answer:
The variable that is observed by researchers.
Question:
3. Treatment group
Answer:
The group of subjects in a study that receives a treatment.
Question:
4. Control group
Answer:
A separate group of subjects in a study that does not receive the treatment.
Question:
5. Controlled experiment
Answer:
An experiment where researchers impose a treatment on one group of subjects (treatment group) and
do not im-pose it on a separate group (control group).
Question:
6. Placebo effect
Answer:
The psychological and physical response to treatments that have no physiological effect.
Question:
7. Double-blind study
Answer:
A study where neither the child, the parents, the person administering the shot, nor the health
professionals mak-ing a diagnosis are aware of whether the child received the vaccine or the placebo.
Question:
8. Confounding factors
Answer:
Any underlying factors besides the treatment which affect both the treatment and the response
variable.
, Question:
9. Randomization
Answer:
The process that avoids any sort of bias in the choice of treatment and control group subjects.
Question:
10. Observational studies
Answer:
Studies where researchers are limited to simply observing subjects without interfering in their
behavior.
Question:
11. Causal conclusions
Answer:
Conclusions that can be reasonably made based on ex-periments but are treacherous when based on
observa-tional data.
Question:
12. Associations
Answer:
What observational studies are generally only sufficient to show.
Question:
13. Parental consent
Answer:
A confounding factor in the polio vaccine experiment.
Question:
14. Data collection in observational studies
Answer:
Generally collected only by monitoring what occurs.
Question:
15. Primary explanatory variable in experiments
Answer:
Must be assigned for each subject by the researchers.
Question:
16. Population of Interest
Answer:
The collection of all people/cases/items we want to learn about.
Question:
17. Sample
Answer:
A subset of the population that researchers gather data from instead of measuring the entire
population of inter-est.
