Psy 301 Exam 1 Saponjic Sdsu Updated Actual Questions And Correct Answers

PSY 301 EXAM 1 SAPONJIC SDSU UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. When Causal Claims Are a Mistake
Answer:
• Does social media pressure cause teen anxiety?
- Covariance: if there is an association between social media pressure and teen anxiety
• Covariance is only one that can be measured by survey/observation
- Temporal sequence: x (social media pressure) causes y (teen anxiety)
- Confounds (internal validity): can't eliminate confounds = low in internal validity

Question:
2. Research
Answer:
gathering information (online, hard copies, etc.)

Question:
3. Scientific Research
Answer:
collecting & analyzing data

Question:
4. How do we measure theories and hypotheses?
Answer:
• Self report (#1 way gather data, can be biased); observation

Question:
5. Examples of Scientific Method
Answer:
Human/animal subjects, often during lab or field

Question:
6. Scientific Method Steps
Answer:
Steps: 1. Produce theory; 2. hypothesis (precise testable prediction); 3. gather data; 4. analyze
results/draw conclusions; 5. record it

Question:
7. • Use of Scientific Method (Steps):
Answer:
systematic method to collect and evaluate data

Question:
8. producer of research

,Answer:
- For coursework in psychology
- For graduate school
- For working in a research lab
- Not very likely

Question:
9. Consumer of research
Answer:
- For psychology classes
- When reading printed or online news stories based on research
- For your future career
- All consumers
- Benefits of being a good consumer: don't waste money

Question:
10. Metaphysical (Supernatural) Systems (unexplainable, paranormal)
Answer:
- Animism: belief of ancient people (soul/spirit in everything)
- Mythology & Religion: explaining behavior on religion (Gods, Goddesses)
- Astrology: palm readings, zodiac signs

Question:
11. Philosophy
Answer:
- Philosophers: think, question things, ponder (Plato: propionate of nature, Aristotle: you are who you
are because of your experiences - nurture)
- Speculation versus Experimentation (years ago = speculation, today = experimentation)
- Years ago asked questions (subjective), but today different ways of research (objective)
- Empiricism: experience/observation, systematic empiricism: gather info from experience (Descartes)

Question:
12. Physiology
Answer:
study function of living things (animals and people)
- E.g., Galvani (1700s): frog studies proving nerve impulses are more than electrical

Question:
13. Experimental Psychology
Answer:
found in Germany
- Wundt 1879 (birth of psych): first lab gathering information
- Schools of Thought: different ways of thinking such as: unconscious, conscious, etc.
- Important to say X caused Y to predict and explain behavior to apply in real world
- How to gather most research: self-report
- Correlational research more common than experimental because hard to find causation

Question:
14. How Scientists Approach Their Work

, Answer:
• Scientists are empiricists (experience/observation); information needs to be more systematic though
• Scientists test theories (indirectly) test hypothesis: the theory data cycle
• Scientists tackle applied and basic problems.
• Scientists dig deeper (investigate questions).
• Scientists make it public: the publication process (questioning research, possibly replicate; important
to publish findings)
• Scientists talk to the world: from journal to journalism.
• Journalists sometimes scan information and come to cause and effect conclusion from reading
headline

Question:
15. Four Cycles
Answer:
• Theory-Data
• Basic-Applied
• Peer Review
• Journal to Journalism

Question:
16. Theory-Data Cycle
Answer:
• Theory: general statement about relationship between 2 ideas/variables
• Hypothesis: precise testable prediction, follows theories
• Data: set of observations, "does my data support my prediction?"
• Empiricism and scientific method
• Most important cycle in science
• Ask questions based off theories, make predictions, collect data
• If p is over .05 means data is not significant
• If data supports prediction = stronger theory

Question:
17. Theory example
Answer:
Is there a relationship between studying and tests

Question:
18. Research question example
Answer:
Are there different study techniques that would influence grade received?

Question:
19. Research design:
Answer:
How will I test my hypothesis?

Question:
20. Hypotheses example