TEST BANK
Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
14th Edition
Author(s)Laurence Brunton; Bjorn Knollmann
Print ISBN: 9781264258079
,Question 1
A research team is investigating a traditional medicinal plant that has
been used for centuries to treat fever. Which discovery strategy best
represents the initial value of studying this plant?
A. It guarantees that the plant extract contains a drug with a favorable
therapeutic index.
B. It provides a source of chemical compounds that can be isolated and
,evaluated for biological activity.
C. It eliminates the need for pharmacokinetic studies before human use.
D. It ensures that the active compound will be selective for its
therapeutic target.
Correct Answer:
B. It provides a source of chemical compounds that can be isolated and
evaluated for biological activity.
Rationale:
B is correct because medicinal plants can serve as sources of
structurally diverse natural products that may possess pharmacological
activity. Isolation and characterization of individual compounds allow
researchers to determine which constituent contributes to the observed
biological effect.
A is incorrect because identifying an active compound does not
guarantee an adequate therapeutic index; efficacy and toxicity must be
evaluated experimentally.
C is incorrect because compounds derived from plants still require
pharmacokinetic and safety evaluation before clinical use.
D is incorrect because natural products may interact with multiple
molecular targets and are not automatically selective.
Question 2
Why has isolation of individual constituents from medicinal plants been
important in modern drug discovery?
A. It allows researchers to identify and optimize specific molecules
responsible for pharmacological effects.
, B. It prevents structural modification of natural compounds.
C. It eliminates variability caused by patient genetics.
D. It demonstrates that crude extracts are always therapeutically
inferior.
Correct Answer:
A. It allows researchers to identify and optimize specific molecules
responsible for pharmacological effects.
Rationale:
A is correct because isolating individual constituents permits direct
investigation of their biological activity, mechanism, pharmacokinetics,
toxicity, and structure-activity relationships. Chemists can then modify
promising molecules to improve their properties.
B is incorrect because isolation often facilitates structural modification
rather than preventing it.
C is incorrect because patient-to-patient genetic variation can still affect
drug response.
D is incorrect because crude extracts may contain multiple active
constituents, and their therapeutic value cannot be dismissed simply
because individual compounds can be isolated.
Question 3
A medicinal chemist modifies a naturally occurring molecule while
retaining the structural portion responsible for receptor binding. What
is this approach most appropriately called?
A. Bioavailability screening
B. Semisynthetic drug development
Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
14th Edition
Author(s)Laurence Brunton; Bjorn Knollmann
Print ISBN: 9781264258079
,Question 1
A research team is investigating a traditional medicinal plant that has
been used for centuries to treat fever. Which discovery strategy best
represents the initial value of studying this plant?
A. It guarantees that the plant extract contains a drug with a favorable
therapeutic index.
B. It provides a source of chemical compounds that can be isolated and
,evaluated for biological activity.
C. It eliminates the need for pharmacokinetic studies before human use.
D. It ensures that the active compound will be selective for its
therapeutic target.
Correct Answer:
B. It provides a source of chemical compounds that can be isolated and
evaluated for biological activity.
Rationale:
B is correct because medicinal plants can serve as sources of
structurally diverse natural products that may possess pharmacological
activity. Isolation and characterization of individual compounds allow
researchers to determine which constituent contributes to the observed
biological effect.
A is incorrect because identifying an active compound does not
guarantee an adequate therapeutic index; efficacy and toxicity must be
evaluated experimentally.
C is incorrect because compounds derived from plants still require
pharmacokinetic and safety evaluation before clinical use.
D is incorrect because natural products may interact with multiple
molecular targets and are not automatically selective.
Question 2
Why has isolation of individual constituents from medicinal plants been
important in modern drug discovery?
A. It allows researchers to identify and optimize specific molecules
responsible for pharmacological effects.
, B. It prevents structural modification of natural compounds.
C. It eliminates variability caused by patient genetics.
D. It demonstrates that crude extracts are always therapeutically
inferior.
Correct Answer:
A. It allows researchers to identify and optimize specific molecules
responsible for pharmacological effects.
Rationale:
A is correct because isolating individual constituents permits direct
investigation of their biological activity, mechanism, pharmacokinetics,
toxicity, and structure-activity relationships. Chemists can then modify
promising molecules to improve their properties.
B is incorrect because isolation often facilitates structural modification
rather than preventing it.
C is incorrect because patient-to-patient genetic variation can still affect
drug response.
D is incorrect because crude extracts may contain multiple active
constituents, and their therapeutic value cannot be dismissed simply
because individual compounds can be isolated.
Question 3
A medicinal chemist modifies a naturally occurring molecule while
retaining the structural portion responsible for receptor binding. What
is this approach most appropriately called?
A. Bioavailability screening
B. Semisynthetic drug development
