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Chapter 53 - Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care
Kacmarek et al.: Egan’s Fundamentals of Respiratory Care, 11th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following maternal factors is/are related to the health of the fetus and the
outcomes of pregnancy?
1. Maternal age
2. Prior maternal disease
3. Maternal drug use
4. Maternal birth history
a. 1, 2, and 3 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 1, 2, 3, and 4
d. 3 and 4 only
ANS: C
Table 53-1 lists maternal conditions and specific anticipated fetal or neonatal outcomes related
to the conditions.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 1217 OBJ: 1
2. Which of the following techniques would you recommend to assess the state of pulmonary
maturity before birth?
a. Blood gas analysis
b. Ultrasonography
c. Maternal history
d. Amniocentesis
ANS: D
Lung maturation can be assessed with amniocentesis.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 1218 OBJ: 1
3. Temporary drops in the fetal heart rate during uterine contractions are known as:
a. fetal stress.
b. decelerations.
c. primary apnea.
d. secondary bradycardia.
ANS: B
Temporary drops in fetal heart rate are called decelerations and can be mild (<15 beats/min),
moderate (15 to 45 beats/min), or severe (>45 beats/min). Decelerations are classified by their
occurrence in the uterine contraction cycle.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 1218 OBJ: 1
4. Late decelerations are consistent with which of the following conditions?
1. Uteroplacental insufficiency
2. Umbilical cord compression
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3. Normal contraction
4. Maternal bradycardia
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
ANS: A
A late deceleration pattern indicates impaired maternal-placental blood flow or uteroplacental
insufficiency.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 1218 OBJ: 1
5. Which of the following pH values is associated with fetal asphyxia?
a. Less than 7.1
b. Less than 7.2
c. Less than 7.3
d. Less than 7.4
ANS: B
A pH below 7.2 may indicate that the fetus is experiencing asphyxia.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 1219 OBJ: 1
6. At 1 min after birth, a newborn infant exhibits the following: heart rate of 65/min, a slow and
irregular respiratory rate, some muscle flexion, a grimace when nasally suctioned, and a pink
body with blue extremities. What is the infant’s 1-min Apgar score?
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6
ANS: C
The Apgar score is an objective scoring system used to rapidly evaluate the newborn, as given
in Table 53-2.
DIF: Application REF: p. 1220 OBJ: 3
7. Which of the following methods is useful in determining gestational age of the newborn?
a. Dubowitz
b. Adams
c. Apgar
d. Perkinson
ANS: A
Two common systems are used to determine gestational age: the Dubowitz scales and the
Ballard scales.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 1221 OBJ: 1
8. You notice in the chart of an infant receiving neonatal intensive care the designation “preterm,
AGA.” Based on this information, what can you correctly conclude?
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Chapter 53 - Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care
Kacmarek et al.: Egan’s Fundamentals of Respiratory Care, 11th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following maternal factors is/are related to the health of the fetus and the
outcomes of pregnancy?
1. Maternal age
2. Prior maternal disease
3. Maternal drug use
4. Maternal birth history
a. 1, 2, and 3 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 1, 2, 3, and 4
d. 3 and 4 only
ANS: C
Table 53-1 lists maternal conditions and specific anticipated fetal or neonatal outcomes related
to the conditions.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 1217 OBJ: 1
2. Which of the following techniques would you recommend to assess the state of pulmonary
maturity before birth?
a. Blood gas analysis
b. Ultrasonography
c. Maternal history
d. Amniocentesis
ANS: D
Lung maturation can be assessed with amniocentesis.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 1218 OBJ: 1
3. Temporary drops in the fetal heart rate during uterine contractions are known as:
a. fetal stress.
b. decelerations.
c. primary apnea.
d. secondary bradycardia.
ANS: B
Temporary drops in fetal heart rate are called decelerations and can be mild (<15 beats/min),
moderate (15 to 45 beats/min), or severe (>45 beats/min). Decelerations are classified by their
occurrence in the uterine contraction cycle.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 1218 OBJ: 1
4. Late decelerations are consistent with which of the following conditions?
1. Uteroplacental insufficiency
2. Umbilical cord compression
(!@&*&#$H(@#$*&@$&*c53.pdf.pdf10/6/2026,
(!@&*&#$H(@#$*&@$&*c53.pdf.pdf10/6/2026,
10/6/2026, 12:56:29
12:56:29
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3. Normal contraction
4. Maternal bradycardia
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
ANS: A
A late deceleration pattern indicates impaired maternal-placental blood flow or uteroplacental
insufficiency.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 1218 OBJ: 1
5. Which of the following pH values is associated with fetal asphyxia?
a. Less than 7.1
b. Less than 7.2
c. Less than 7.3
d. Less than 7.4
ANS: B
A pH below 7.2 may indicate that the fetus is experiencing asphyxia.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 1219 OBJ: 1
6. At 1 min after birth, a newborn infant exhibits the following: heart rate of 65/min, a slow and
irregular respiratory rate, some muscle flexion, a grimace when nasally suctioned, and a pink
body with blue extremities. What is the infant’s 1-min Apgar score?
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6
ANS: C
The Apgar score is an objective scoring system used to rapidly evaluate the newborn, as given
in Table 53-2.
DIF: Application REF: p. 1220 OBJ: 3
7. Which of the following methods is useful in determining gestational age of the newborn?
a. Dubowitz
b. Adams
c. Apgar
d. Perkinson
ANS: A
Two common systems are used to determine gestational age: the Dubowitz scales and the
Ballard scales.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 1221 OBJ: 1
8. You notice in the chart of an infant receiving neonatal intensive care the designation “preterm,
AGA.” Based on this information, what can you correctly conclude?
(!@&*&#$H(@#$*&@$&*c53.pdf.pdf10/6/2026,
(!@&*&#$H(@#$*&@$&*c53.pdf.pdf10/6/2026,
10/6/2026, 12:56:29
12:56:29
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