sobert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_removed10/6/2026,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~!@@Test
Albert J. Heuer, David L. Bank
Vines,
12:57:29
for
Robert
Egan's
PM(!@&*&#$H(@#$*&@$&*Test
L.Fundamentals
Chatburn_removed.pdf10/6/2026,
of Respiratory Bank
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12:56:29
13thEgan's
Edition
PM(*@&&*Y!#HE*!HINIUKWI(*(##*&&#U#Y$U*$(*(**#YREJE)@(p
Fundamentals
by James K. of
Stoller,
Respiratory
Albert J.
Care
Heuer,
13thDavid
Edition
L. by
Vines,
James
Robert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_
Albert
Chapter 31 - Lung Cancer
Egan’s Fundamentals of Respiratory Care, 13th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is the number one cause of cancer-related death in the United States?
a. Leukemia
b. Lung cancer
c. Breast cancer
d. Brain cancer
Answer: B
Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer-related death in men and women; it surpassed colon cancer in the
early 1950s in men and breast cancer in the late 1980s in women. There are more deathsfrom lung cancer than
breast, colon, and prostate cancer combined.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 635 OBJECTIVES:- 1
2. Which of the following comments regarding lung cancer is true?
a. The incidence has risen over the past few decades.
b. It is the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States.
c. The peak incidence occurred in the mid-1970s.
d. Incidence has increased in women 40 to 58 years of age.
Answer: A
The frequency of lung cancer deaths peaked in 1984 and declined until the end of the 1990s and has leveled off
since. In 2010, there were 187,000 cancer deaths.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 635 OBJECTIVES:- 1
3. Approximately what percentage of all lung cancer is linked to smoking?
Page 514 of 1070 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!_)@(_)##@(@_#_(
sobert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_removed10/6/2026,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~!@@Test
Albert J. Heuer, David L. Bank
Vines,
12:57:29
for
Robert
Egan's
PM(!@&*&#$H(@#$*&@$&*Test
L.Fundamentals
Chatburn_removed.pdf10/6/2026,
of Respiratory Bank
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12:56:29
13thEgan's
Edition
PM(*@&&*Y!#HE*!HINIUKWI(*(##*&&#U#Y$U*$(*(**#YREJE)@(p
Fundamentals
by James K. of
Stoller,
Respiratory
Albert J.
Care
Heuer,
13thDavid
Edition
L. by
Vines,
James
Robert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_
Albert
,sobert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_removed10/6/2026,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~!@@Test
Albert J. Heuer, David L. Bank
Vines,
12:57:29
for
Robert
Egan's
PM(!@&*&#$H(@#$*&@$&*Test
L.Fundamentals
Chatburn_removed.pdf10/6/2026,
of Respiratory Bank
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12:56:29
13thEgan's
Edition
PM(*@&&*Y!#HE*!HINIUKWI(*(##*&&#U#Y$U*$(*(**#YREJE)@(p
Fundamentals
by James K. of
Stoller,
Respiratory
Albert J.
Care
Heuer,
13thDavid
Edition
L. by
Vines,
James
Robert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_
Albert
a. 50% to 55%
b. 70% to 75%
c. 85% to 90%
d. 100%
Answer: C
Direct exposure to tobacco has occurred in 85% to 90% of individuals with lung cancer. DIF:
Recall REF: p. 635 OBJECTIVES:- 2
4. In what age group has smoking increased recently?
a. 18 to 24 years
b. 25 to 40 years
c. 45 to 60 years
d. Older than 70 years
Answer: A
A decrease in smoking has not been observed among adults 18 to 24 years of age. DIF:
Recall REF: p. 635 OBJECTIVES:- 2
5. Which of the following are being targeted as a primary source of new customers by tobacco
companies?
a. Young people and developing countries
b. Women aged 21 to 35 years
c. Men aged 21 to 35 years
d. Men and women over 50 years of age
Answer: A
In the context that a person who has not started smoking as a teenager is unlikely to ever become a smoker,
the tobacco industry has focused on young people and developing countries as the primary sources of new
customers.
Page 515 of 1070 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!_)@(_)##@(@_#_(
sobert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_removed10/6/2026,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~!@@Test
Albert J. Heuer, David L. Bank
Vines,
12:57:29
for
Robert
Egan's
PM(!@&*&#$H(@#$*&@$&*Test
L.Fundamentals
Chatburn_removed.pdf10/6/2026,
of Respiratory Bank
Care for
12:56:29
13thEgan's
Edition
PM(*@&&*Y!#HE*!HINIUKWI(*(##*&&#U#Y$U*$(*(**#YREJE)@(p
Fundamentals
by James K. of
Stoller,
Respiratory
Albert J.
Care
Heuer,
13thDavid
Edition
L. by
Vines,
James
Robert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_
Albert
,sobert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_removed10/6/2026,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~!@@Test
Albert J. Heuer, David L. Bank
Vines,
12:57:29
for
Robert
Egan's
PM(!@&*&#$H(@#$*&@$&*Test
L.Fundamentals
Chatburn_removed.pdf10/6/2026,
of Respiratory Bank
Care for
12:56:29
13thEgan's
Edition
PM(*@&&*Y!#HE*!HINIUKWI(*(##*&&#U#Y$U*$(*(**#YREJE)@(p
Fundamentals
by James K. of
Stoller,
Respiratory
Albert J.
Care
Heuer,
13thDavid
Edition
L. by
Vines,
James
Robert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_
Albert
DIF: Recall REF: p. 635 OBJECTIVES:- 2
6. Other causes of lung cancer include:
1. asbestos.
2. arsenic.
3. chromium.
4. microwave radiation.
a. 2, 3, and 4 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 1 and 4 only
d. 1, 2, and 3 only
Answer: D
Arsenic, asbestos, and chromium confer the highest risks.DIF:
Recall REF: p. 636
OBJECTIVES:- 2
7. Which of the following are major histopathologic types of lung cancer?
1. Adenocarcinoma
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
3. Small-cell carcinoma
4. Ciliated cell carcinoma
a. 2, 3, and 4 only
b. 1, 2, and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 1 and 2 only
Answer: B
The non–small-cell cancer category consists of adenocarcinoma (including bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma),
squamous cell carcinoma, large-cell carcinoma, and variants (Figure 31-4).
DIF: Recall REF: p. 636 OBJECTIVES:- 3
Page 516 of 1070 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!_)@(_)##@(@_#_(
sobert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_removed10/6/2026,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~!@@Test
Albert J. Heuer, David L. Bank
Vines,
12:57:29
for
Robert
Egan's
PM(!@&*&#$H(@#$*&@$&*Test
L.Fundamentals
Chatburn_removed.pdf10/6/2026,
of Respiratory Bank
Care for
12:56:29
13thEgan's
Edition
PM(*@&&*Y!#HE*!HINIUKWI(*(##*&&#U#Y$U*$(*(**#YREJE)@(p
Fundamentals
by James K. of
Stoller,
Respiratory
Albert J.
Care
Heuer,
13thDavid
Edition
L. by
Vines,
James
Robert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_
Albert
,sobert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_removed10/6/2026,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~!@@Test
Albert J. Heuer, David L. Bank
Vines,
12:57:29
for
Robert
Egan's
PM(!@&*&#$H(@#$*&@$&*Test
L.Fundamentals
Chatburn_removed.pdf10/6/2026,
of Respiratory Bank
Care for
12:56:29
13thEgan's
Edition
PM(*@&&*Y!#HE*!HINIUKWI(*(##*&&#U#Y$U*$(*(**#YREJE)@(p
Fundamentals
by James K. of
Stoller,
Respiratory
Albert J.
Care
Heuer,
13thDavid
Edition
L. by
Vines,
James
Robert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_
Albert
8. What composition of adenocarcinoma best describes its histopathology?
a. Stratified epithelial cells
b. Pleomorphic cells
c. Polygonal cells
d. Glandular structures
Answer: D
See Table 31-1.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 637 OBJECTIVES:- 3
9. Squamous cell carcinoma is composed of which of the following?
a. Glandular structures from lung scars
b. Common pulmonary stem cells
c. Flattened stratified epithelial cells
d. Multicentric stratified cells
Answer: C
See Table 31-1.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 637 OBJECTIVES:- 4
10. Which of the following best describes the cell characteristics in small-cell carcinoma?
a. Larger than lymphocyte nucleus
b. Enlarged nuclei-differentiated cells
c. Keratin structures throughout lung tissue
d. Develops from a common pulmonary stem cell
Answer: D
See Table 31-1.
Page 517 of 1070 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!_)@(_)##@(@_#_(
sobert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_removed10/6/2026,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~!@@Test
Albert J. Heuer, David L. Bank
Vines,
12:57:29
for
Robert
Egan's
PM(!@&*&#$H(@#$*&@$&*Test
L.Fundamentals
Chatburn_removed.pdf10/6/2026,
of Respiratory Bank
Care for
12:56:29
13thEgan's
Edition
PM(*@&&*Y!#HE*!HINIUKWI(*(##*&&#U#Y$U*$(*(**#YREJE)@(p
Fundamentals
by James K. of
Stoller,
Respiratory
Albert J.
Care
Heuer,
13thDavid
Edition
L. by
Vines,
James
Robert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_
Albert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_removed10/6/2026,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~!@@Test
Albert J. Heuer, David L. Bank
Vines,
12:57:29
for
Robert
Egan's
PM(!@&*&#$H(@#$*&@$&*Test
L.Fundamentals
Chatburn_removed.pdf10/6/2026,
of Respiratory Bank
Care for
12:56:29
13thEgan's
Edition
PM(*@&&*Y!#HE*!HINIUKWI(*(##*&&#U#Y$U*$(*(**#YREJE)@(p
Fundamentals
by James K. of
Stoller,
Respiratory
Albert J.
Care
Heuer,
13thDavid
Edition
L. by
Vines,
James
Robert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_
Albert
Chapter 31 - Lung Cancer
Egan’s Fundamentals of Respiratory Care, 13th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is the number one cause of cancer-related death in the United States?
a. Leukemia
b. Lung cancer
c. Breast cancer
d. Brain cancer
Answer: B
Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer-related death in men and women; it surpassed colon cancer in the
early 1950s in men and breast cancer in the late 1980s in women. There are more deathsfrom lung cancer than
breast, colon, and prostate cancer combined.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 635 OBJECTIVES:- 1
2. Which of the following comments regarding lung cancer is true?
a. The incidence has risen over the past few decades.
b. It is the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States.
c. The peak incidence occurred in the mid-1970s.
d. Incidence has increased in women 40 to 58 years of age.
Answer: A
The frequency of lung cancer deaths peaked in 1984 and declined until the end of the 1990s and has leveled off
since. In 2010, there were 187,000 cancer deaths.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 635 OBJECTIVES:- 1
3. Approximately what percentage of all lung cancer is linked to smoking?
Page 514 of 1070 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!_)@(_)##@(@_#_(
sobert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_removed10/6/2026,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~!@@Test
Albert J. Heuer, David L. Bank
Vines,
12:57:29
for
Robert
Egan's
PM(!@&*&#$H(@#$*&@$&*Test
L.Fundamentals
Chatburn_removed.pdf10/6/2026,
of Respiratory Bank
Care for
12:56:29
13thEgan's
Edition
PM(*@&&*Y!#HE*!HINIUKWI(*(##*&&#U#Y$U*$(*(**#YREJE)@(p
Fundamentals
by James K. of
Stoller,
Respiratory
Albert J.
Care
Heuer,
13thDavid
Edition
L. by
Vines,
James
Robert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_
Albert
,sobert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_removed10/6/2026,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~!@@Test
Albert J. Heuer, David L. Bank
Vines,
12:57:29
for
Robert
Egan's
PM(!@&*&#$H(@#$*&@$&*Test
L.Fundamentals
Chatburn_removed.pdf10/6/2026,
of Respiratory Bank
Care for
12:56:29
13thEgan's
Edition
PM(*@&&*Y!#HE*!HINIUKWI(*(##*&&#U#Y$U*$(*(**#YREJE)@(p
Fundamentals
by James K. of
Stoller,
Respiratory
Albert J.
Care
Heuer,
13thDavid
Edition
L. by
Vines,
James
Robert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_
Albert
a. 50% to 55%
b. 70% to 75%
c. 85% to 90%
d. 100%
Answer: C
Direct exposure to tobacco has occurred in 85% to 90% of individuals with lung cancer. DIF:
Recall REF: p. 635 OBJECTIVES:- 2
4. In what age group has smoking increased recently?
a. 18 to 24 years
b. 25 to 40 years
c. 45 to 60 years
d. Older than 70 years
Answer: A
A decrease in smoking has not been observed among adults 18 to 24 years of age. DIF:
Recall REF: p. 635 OBJECTIVES:- 2
5. Which of the following are being targeted as a primary source of new customers by tobacco
companies?
a. Young people and developing countries
b. Women aged 21 to 35 years
c. Men aged 21 to 35 years
d. Men and women over 50 years of age
Answer: A
In the context that a person who has not started smoking as a teenager is unlikely to ever become a smoker,
the tobacco industry has focused on young people and developing countries as the primary sources of new
customers.
Page 515 of 1070 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!_)@(_)##@(@_#_(
sobert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_removed10/6/2026,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~!@@Test
Albert J. Heuer, David L. Bank
Vines,
12:57:29
for
Robert
Egan's
PM(!@&*&#$H(@#$*&@$&*Test
L.Fundamentals
Chatburn_removed.pdf10/6/2026,
of Respiratory Bank
Care for
12:56:29
13thEgan's
Edition
PM(*@&&*Y!#HE*!HINIUKWI(*(##*&&#U#Y$U*$(*(**#YREJE)@(p
Fundamentals
by James K. of
Stoller,
Respiratory
Albert J.
Care
Heuer,
13thDavid
Edition
L. by
Vines,
James
Robert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_
Albert
,sobert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_removed10/6/2026,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~!@@Test
Albert J. Heuer, David L. Bank
Vines,
12:57:29
for
Robert
Egan's
PM(!@&*&#$H(@#$*&@$&*Test
L.Fundamentals
Chatburn_removed.pdf10/6/2026,
of Respiratory Bank
Care for
12:56:29
13thEgan's
Edition
PM(*@&&*Y!#HE*!HINIUKWI(*(##*&&#U#Y$U*$(*(**#YREJE)@(p
Fundamentals
by James K. of
Stoller,
Respiratory
Albert J.
Care
Heuer,
13thDavid
Edition
L. by
Vines,
James
Robert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_
Albert
DIF: Recall REF: p. 635 OBJECTIVES:- 2
6. Other causes of lung cancer include:
1. asbestos.
2. arsenic.
3. chromium.
4. microwave radiation.
a. 2, 3, and 4 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 1 and 4 only
d. 1, 2, and 3 only
Answer: D
Arsenic, asbestos, and chromium confer the highest risks.DIF:
Recall REF: p. 636
OBJECTIVES:- 2
7. Which of the following are major histopathologic types of lung cancer?
1. Adenocarcinoma
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
3. Small-cell carcinoma
4. Ciliated cell carcinoma
a. 2, 3, and 4 only
b. 1, 2, and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 1 and 2 only
Answer: B
The non–small-cell cancer category consists of adenocarcinoma (including bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma),
squamous cell carcinoma, large-cell carcinoma, and variants (Figure 31-4).
DIF: Recall REF: p. 636 OBJECTIVES:- 3
Page 516 of 1070 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!_)@(_)##@(@_#_(
sobert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_removed10/6/2026,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~!@@Test
Albert J. Heuer, David L. Bank
Vines,
12:57:29
for
Robert
Egan's
PM(!@&*&#$H(@#$*&@$&*Test
L.Fundamentals
Chatburn_removed.pdf10/6/2026,
of Respiratory Bank
Care for
12:56:29
13thEgan's
Edition
PM(*@&&*Y!#HE*!HINIUKWI(*(##*&&#U#Y$U*$(*(**#YREJE)@(p
Fundamentals
by James K. of
Stoller,
Respiratory
Albert J.
Care
Heuer,
13thDavid
Edition
L. by
Vines,
James
Robert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_
Albert
,sobert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_removed10/6/2026,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~!@@Test
Albert J. Heuer, David L. Bank
Vines,
12:57:29
for
Robert
Egan's
PM(!@&*&#$H(@#$*&@$&*Test
L.Fundamentals
Chatburn_removed.pdf10/6/2026,
of Respiratory Bank
Care for
12:56:29
13thEgan's
Edition
PM(*@&&*Y!#HE*!HINIUKWI(*(##*&&#U#Y$U*$(*(**#YREJE)@(p
Fundamentals
by James K. of
Stoller,
Respiratory
Albert J.
Care
Heuer,
13thDavid
Edition
L. by
Vines,
James
Robert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_
Albert
8. What composition of adenocarcinoma best describes its histopathology?
a. Stratified epithelial cells
b. Pleomorphic cells
c. Polygonal cells
d. Glandular structures
Answer: D
See Table 31-1.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 637 OBJECTIVES:- 3
9. Squamous cell carcinoma is composed of which of the following?
a. Glandular structures from lung scars
b. Common pulmonary stem cells
c. Flattened stratified epithelial cells
d. Multicentric stratified cells
Answer: C
See Table 31-1.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 637 OBJECTIVES:- 4
10. Which of the following best describes the cell characteristics in small-cell carcinoma?
a. Larger than lymphocyte nucleus
b. Enlarged nuclei-differentiated cells
c. Keratin structures throughout lung tissue
d. Develops from a common pulmonary stem cell
Answer: D
See Table 31-1.
Page 517 of 1070 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!_)@(_)##@(@_#_(
sobert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_removed10/6/2026,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~!@@Test
Albert J. Heuer, David L. Bank
Vines,
12:57:29
for
Robert
Egan's
PM(!@&*&#$H(@#$*&@$&*Test
L.Fundamentals
Chatburn_removed.pdf10/6/2026,
of Respiratory Bank
Care for
12:56:29
13thEgan's
Edition
PM(*@&&*Y!#HE*!HINIUKWI(*(##*&&#U#Y$U*$(*(**#YREJE)@(p
Fundamentals
by James K. of
Stoller,
Respiratory
Albert J.
Care
Heuer,
13thDavid
Edition
L. by
Vines,
James
Robert
K. Stoller,
L. Chatburn_
Albert
