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Pilbeam’s mechanical ventilation
Physiological and clinical applications
Eighth edition
Test bank
Author: m. Cairo
Comprehensive study & assessment resource
Designed to support learning, examination preparation, and clinical understanding of mechanical ventilation concepts,
respiratory care principles, and patient management applications.
Program: respiratory therapy / clinical medicine
resource type: test bank
edition: 8th edition
update: 2026 academic edition
Date: 2026/2027
!()*)(&&(&)(()*(&)(&( pg. 1
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2
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Chapter 1
Multiple choice
1) The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungs is known as
which of the following?
A. External respiration
B. Internal respiration
C. Spontaneous ventilation
D. Mechanical ventilation
Answer: c
The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as ventilation. Since the
question asks for the body’s mechanism,
This would be spontaneous ventilation. External respiration involves the
exchange of oxygen (o2) and carbon dioxide (co2) between the alveoli and the
pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the cellular level and
involves movement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
Dif: 1 ref: pg. 3
2) Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
A. Red blood cells and body cells
B. Scalenes and trapezius
Muscles
C. Alveoli and pulmonary
Capillaries
D. External oblique and
Transverse abdominal muscles
Answer: c
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (co2)
between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at
!()*)(&&(&)(()*(&)(&( pg. 2
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the cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from the systemic blood
into the cells.
Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of inspiration. External
oblique and transverse abdominal muscles are accessory muscles of
expiration.
Dif: 1 ref: pg. 3
3) The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during normal
spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: b
During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure drops from about -5
cm h2o at end-expiration to about -10 cm h2o at end-inspiration. The graph
depicted for answer b shows that change from -5 cm h2o to -10 cm h2o.
Dif: 1 ref: pg. 4
4) During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (pa) is about:
.
A. - 1 cm h2o
B. + 1 cm h2o
C. 0 cm h2o
D. 5 cm h2o
Answer: a
-1 cm h2o is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during normal
spontaneous ventilation. During the exhalation of a normal spontaneous
breath the alveolar pressure will become +1 cm h2o.
Dif: 1 ref: pg. 3
!()*)(&&(&)(()*(&)(&( pg. 3
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5) The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known as which of the
following?
A. Transairway pressure (pta )
B. Transthoracic pressure (ptt)
C. Transrespiratory pressure (ptr)
D. Transpulmonary pressure (pl)
Answer: d
The definition of transpulmonary pressure (pl) is the pressure required to
maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway pressure (pta ) is the pressure gradient
required to produce airflow in the conducting tubes. Transrespiratory pressure
(ptr) is the pressure to inflate the lungs and airways during positive pressure
ventilation. Transthoracic pressure (ptt) represents the pressure required to
expand or contract the lungs and the chest wall at the same time.
Dif: 1 ref: pg. 3
6) Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway resistance
!()*)(&&(&)(()*(&)(&( pg. 4
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1
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Pilbeam’s mechanical ventilation
Physiological and clinical applications
Eighth edition
Test bank
Author: m. Cairo
Comprehensive study & assessment resource
Designed to support learning, examination preparation, and clinical understanding of mechanical ventilation concepts,
respiratory care principles, and patient management applications.
Program: respiratory therapy / clinical medicine
resource type: test bank
edition: 8th edition
update: 2026 academic edition
Date: 2026/2027
!()*)(&&(&)(()*(&)(&( pg. 1
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2
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Chapter 1
Multiple choice
1) The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungs is known as
which of the following?
A. External respiration
B. Internal respiration
C. Spontaneous ventilation
D. Mechanical ventilation
Answer: c
The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as ventilation. Since the
question asks for the body’s mechanism,
This would be spontaneous ventilation. External respiration involves the
exchange of oxygen (o2) and carbon dioxide (co2) between the alveoli and the
pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the cellular level and
involves movement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
Dif: 1 ref: pg. 3
2) Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
A. Red blood cells and body cells
B. Scalenes and trapezius
Muscles
C. Alveoli and pulmonary
Capillaries
D. External oblique and
Transverse abdominal muscles
Answer: c
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (co2)
between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at
!()*)(&&(&)(()*(&)(&( pg. 2
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3
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the cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from the systemic blood
into the cells.
Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of inspiration. External
oblique and transverse abdominal muscles are accessory muscles of
expiration.
Dif: 1 ref: pg. 3
3) The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during normal
spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: b
During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure drops from about -5
cm h2o at end-expiration to about -10 cm h2o at end-inspiration. The graph
depicted for answer b shows that change from -5 cm h2o to -10 cm h2o.
Dif: 1 ref: pg. 4
4) During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (pa) is about:
.
A. - 1 cm h2o
B. + 1 cm h2o
C. 0 cm h2o
D. 5 cm h2o
Answer: a
-1 cm h2o is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during normal
spontaneous ventilation. During the exhalation of a normal spontaneous
breath the alveolar pressure will become +1 cm h2o.
Dif: 1 ref: pg. 3
!()*)(&&(&)(()*(&)(&( pg. 3
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5) The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known as which of the
following?
A. Transairway pressure (pta )
B. Transthoracic pressure (ptt)
C. Transrespiratory pressure (ptr)
D. Transpulmonary pressure (pl)
Answer: d
The definition of transpulmonary pressure (pl) is the pressure required to
maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway pressure (pta ) is the pressure gradient
required to produce airflow in the conducting tubes. Transrespiratory pressure
(ptr) is the pressure to inflate the lungs and airways during positive pressure
ventilation. Transthoracic pressure (ptt) represents the pressure required to
expand or contract the lungs and the chest wall at the same time.
Dif: 1 ref: pg. 3
6) Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway resistance
!()*)(&&(&)(()*(&)(&( pg. 4
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