TEST BANK
Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
14th Edition
Author(s)Laurence Brunton; Bjorn Knollmann
Print ISBN: 9781264258079
,Question 1
A research team investigates a plant traditionally used for fever and
isolates a purified compound that produces a reproducible biological
effect in laboratory studies. Which feature best illustrates the historical
contribution of medicinal plants to drug discovery?
A. They provided empirical leads based on observed biological effects
B. They allowed researchers to identify molecular targets before testing
,biological activity
C. They eliminated the need for chemical isolation and characterization
D. They replaced experimental pharmacology with computational
modeling
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
A is correct because traditional medicinal use could provide empirical
leads for pharmacologically active substances, which could later be
isolated, characterized, and studied experimentally. The historical
development of pharmacology included important discoveries arising
from naturally occurring compounds.
B is incorrect because early natural-product discovery generally
occurred without prior knowledge of a specific molecular target. C is
incorrect because identifying and characterizing active constituents
became important for determining which component produced the
biological effect. D is incorrect because computational approaches are a
much more recent development in drug discovery.
Question 2
Which statement best explains why the term drug invention can be
more appropriate than drug discovery for many modern small-molecule
medicines?
A. Modern drugs are usually found accidentally in untreated patients.
B. Modern compounds are often designed and progressively optimized
against multiple criteria.
C. Modern drugs are primarily extracted unchanged from medicinal
, plants.
D. Modern drug development no longer depends on experimental
testing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
B is correct because many contemporary drug candidates are
deliberately designed and optimized using iterative chemistry, biology,
and pharmacology rather than simply being found as naturally occurring
compounds. The chapter contrasts historical natural-product discovery
with modern invention and optimization.
A is incorrect because accidental observations are not the defining
feature of modern medicinal chemistry. C is incorrect because only a
fraction of new drugs originate directly from nature. D is incorrect
because experimental validation remains essential even when
computational design is used.
Question 3
A crude botanical extract produces a desired pharmacological effect,
but the extract contains hundreds of chemical constituents. What is the
most important next step for identifying the active principle?
A. Assume all constituents contribute equally to the effect
B. Isolate and characterize candidate active constituents
C. Begin clinical administration of the whole extract
D. Select the largest molecule in the extract as the lead compound
Correct Answer: B
Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
14th Edition
Author(s)Laurence Brunton; Bjorn Knollmann
Print ISBN: 9781264258079
,Question 1
A research team investigates a plant traditionally used for fever and
isolates a purified compound that produces a reproducible biological
effect in laboratory studies. Which feature best illustrates the historical
contribution of medicinal plants to drug discovery?
A. They provided empirical leads based on observed biological effects
B. They allowed researchers to identify molecular targets before testing
,biological activity
C. They eliminated the need for chemical isolation and characterization
D. They replaced experimental pharmacology with computational
modeling
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
A is correct because traditional medicinal use could provide empirical
leads for pharmacologically active substances, which could later be
isolated, characterized, and studied experimentally. The historical
development of pharmacology included important discoveries arising
from naturally occurring compounds.
B is incorrect because early natural-product discovery generally
occurred without prior knowledge of a specific molecular target. C is
incorrect because identifying and characterizing active constituents
became important for determining which component produced the
biological effect. D is incorrect because computational approaches are a
much more recent development in drug discovery.
Question 2
Which statement best explains why the term drug invention can be
more appropriate than drug discovery for many modern small-molecule
medicines?
A. Modern drugs are usually found accidentally in untreated patients.
B. Modern compounds are often designed and progressively optimized
against multiple criteria.
C. Modern drugs are primarily extracted unchanged from medicinal
, plants.
D. Modern drug development no longer depends on experimental
testing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
B is correct because many contemporary drug candidates are
deliberately designed and optimized using iterative chemistry, biology,
and pharmacology rather than simply being found as naturally occurring
compounds. The chapter contrasts historical natural-product discovery
with modern invention and optimization.
A is incorrect because accidental observations are not the defining
feature of modern medicinal chemistry. C is incorrect because only a
fraction of new drugs originate directly from nature. D is incorrect
because experimental validation remains essential even when
computational design is used.
Question 3
A crude botanical extract produces a desired pharmacological effect,
but the extract contains hundreds of chemical constituents. What is the
most important next step for identifying the active principle?
A. Assume all constituents contribute equally to the effect
B. Isolate and characterize candidate active constituents
C. Begin clinical administration of the whole extract
D. Select the largest molecule in the extract as the lead compound
Correct Answer: B
