LSAT IMPORTANT FORMULAS AND
CONCEPTS | COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
GUIDE, EXAM PREP & REVIEW MATERIALS
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% VERIFIED EXAM PREP
[EXAM• STUDY GUIDE • SUMMARY • ASSIGNMENT]
A clean, organized resource designed for easy revision and reference.
QUICK • CLEAR • PROFESSIONAL
,sufficient condition indicators if, when(ever), any(time), all, every(time), in order to, people who, each
necessary condition indicators then, must, necessary, required, only (if), depends, need (to), have to, essential,
precondition
Formula for diagramming basic conditional chains If (sufficient condition), then (necessary condition)
Conditional chains rule / how they can be formed Can be chained if the necessary condition of the first statement (L -> M) matched the
sufficient condition of the second statement (M -> N)
= L -> M -> N
And/or statements There are two conditions we have to meet to activate this conditional
=M
+ -> E
S
=M
Or -> E
S
- contrapositive is opposite (and / or)
If and only statements means that two variables ALWAYS go together
ex: We will compromise if and only if I get everything I want
= Compromise ↔ get everything
- Can switch what's on either side
If and only if words - if but only if
- all and only
- But not otherwise
- When and only when
either/or - ___ indicators - inclusion indicators
- forces us to include at least one option
- formula: ~ SC, NC
- ex: either I will stare into the distance or I will make progress
= ~stare -> progress OR ~progress -> stare
, No, none, nobody, never - ___ indicators - exclusion indicators
- if you have one, you can't have the other
- formula: SC -> ~NC
ex: None of the pocket squares will surrender
= Surrender -> ~pocket square OR pocket square -> ~surrender
Unless - indicates we're about to see the only way around how things are
- Unless = necessary condition
- formula: ~[the way things normally are] -> exception
- ex: Ex: Purple is hateful, unless its sleeping
= ~ [purple not hateful] -> sleeping
~ PH -> sleeping
unless words except, until, without
some and most percentages - some = 1-100%
- most = 51-100%
Some formula Some henchmen (sufficient condition): henchmen <-(s)->
Some words few, many, at least one, several
most formula - Most inkwells (sufficient condition): inkwells -(m)->
- Can read most statements like some too
= Ex: otters -(m) -> burglars can be Burglars <-(s)-> otters
not all = ? fancy version of some
- Means that some of the target doesn't have the quality describes
- Ex: Not all feathers are in caps
= Feathers <- (s)-> no caps
CONCEPTS | COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
GUIDE, EXAM PREP & REVIEW MATERIALS
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% VERIFIED EXAM PREP
[EXAM• STUDY GUIDE • SUMMARY • ASSIGNMENT]
A clean, organized resource designed for easy revision and reference.
QUICK • CLEAR • PROFESSIONAL
,sufficient condition indicators if, when(ever), any(time), all, every(time), in order to, people who, each
necessary condition indicators then, must, necessary, required, only (if), depends, need (to), have to, essential,
precondition
Formula for diagramming basic conditional chains If (sufficient condition), then (necessary condition)
Conditional chains rule / how they can be formed Can be chained if the necessary condition of the first statement (L -> M) matched the
sufficient condition of the second statement (M -> N)
= L -> M -> N
And/or statements There are two conditions we have to meet to activate this conditional
=M
+ -> E
S
=M
Or -> E
S
- contrapositive is opposite (and / or)
If and only statements means that two variables ALWAYS go together
ex: We will compromise if and only if I get everything I want
= Compromise ↔ get everything
- Can switch what's on either side
If and only if words - if but only if
- all and only
- But not otherwise
- When and only when
either/or - ___ indicators - inclusion indicators
- forces us to include at least one option
- formula: ~ SC, NC
- ex: either I will stare into the distance or I will make progress
= ~stare -> progress OR ~progress -> stare
, No, none, nobody, never - ___ indicators - exclusion indicators
- if you have one, you can't have the other
- formula: SC -> ~NC
ex: None of the pocket squares will surrender
= Surrender -> ~pocket square OR pocket square -> ~surrender
Unless - indicates we're about to see the only way around how things are
- Unless = necessary condition
- formula: ~[the way things normally are] -> exception
- ex: Ex: Purple is hateful, unless its sleeping
= ~ [purple not hateful] -> sleeping
~ PH -> sleeping
unless words except, until, without
some and most percentages - some = 1-100%
- most = 51-100%
Some formula Some henchmen (sufficient condition): henchmen <-(s)->
Some words few, many, at least one, several
most formula - Most inkwells (sufficient condition): inkwells -(m)->
- Can read most statements like some too
= Ex: otters -(m) -> burglars can be Burglars <-(s)-> otters
not all = ? fancy version of some
- Means that some of the target doesn't have the quality describes
- Ex: Not all feathers are in caps
= Feathers <- (s)-> no caps
