SCI 225 PATHO WEEK 1 2 QUIZ UPDATED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Which of the following pa-tients should the nurse as-sess for decreased oncotic pressure in the
capillaries?
A patient with:
Answer:
-liver failure. Liver failure leads to lost or diminished plasma albumin produc-tion, and this
contributes to decreased plasma oncotic pressure. A high-protein diet would provide albumin for the
maintenance of on-cotic pressure. Low blood pressure would lead to decreased hydro-static pressure.
Decreased glucose does not affect oncotic pressure.
Question:
2. A 54-year-old male with a long history of smok-ing complains of exces-sive tiredness, shortness of
breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal
bicar-bonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diag-nosis of:
Answer:
- respiratory acidosis.
A decreased pH indicates acidosis. With increased CO2, it is respira-tory acidosis. The bicarbonate is
normal, so it cannot be metabolic acidosis.
Question:
3. For a patient with respira-tory acidosis, chronic com-pensation by the body will include:
Answer:
-kidney excretion of H+. The kidneys excrete H+ to compensate for respiratory acidosis. The kidneys
do not excrete HCO3 to compensate; this would increase acidosis. Prolonged exhalations would not
be effective for compen-sation, especially in a chronic state. Protein buffering is intracellular and
would not be effective enough to compensate for respiratory acidosis.
Question:
4. Which of the following pa-tients is the most at risk for developing hyperna-tremia? A patient with:
Answer:
-dehydration. Dehydration leads to hypernatremia because an increase in sodium occurs with a net
loss in water. Vomiting and diuretic use leads to hyponatremia. Hypoaldosteronism leads to
hyponatremia.
Question:
5. Which patient should the nurse assess for both hy-perkalemia and metabol-ic acidosis? A patient
diag-nosed with:
Answer:
-renal failure. Renal failure is associated with hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis. Diabetes
insipidus results in hypernatremia. Pulmonary disorders are a cause of respiratory acidosis or
alkalosis but do not affect hyperkalemia. Cushing syndrome results in hypernatremia.
, Question:
6. A 19-year-old male pre-sents to his primary care provider reporting rest-lessness, muscle
cramp-ing, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of the following could have
caused his condition?
Answer:
-Acidosis During acute acidosis, hydrogen ions accumulate in the ICF and potassium shifts out of the
cell to the ECF, causing hyperkalemia. Pri-mary hyperaldosteronism is associated with hypokalemia,
not hyper-kalemia. Insulin secretion helps reduce potassium levels in the cell; it does not cause
hyperkalemia. Diuretics would cause hypokalemia, not hyperkalemia.
Question:
7. A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is con-sidered the total
volume of body water?
Answer:
-42 L The total volume of body water for a 70-kg person is about 42 L or two thirds of 70 kg.
Question:
8. A 22 year old was re-cently diagnosed with ac-quired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which
decreased lab finding would be expected to ac-company this virus?
Answer:
- CD4+ T-helper
The major immunologic finding in AIDS is the striking decrease in the number of CD4+ T-helper
cells. The change occurs in CD4 cells, not CD8. Neither CDC nor CDC 10 is a type of cell.
Question:
9. A 30-year-old female com-plains of fatigue, arthri-tis, rash, and changes in urine color. Laborato-ry
testing reveals anemia, lymphopenia, and kidney inflammation. Assuming a diagnosis of SLE, which
of the following is also likely to be present?
Answer:
- Autoantibodies
The presence of autoantibodies is a diagnostic criterion for SLE. Diag-nostic criterion for SLE would
include positive LE. Neither antiherpes nor anti-CMV antibodies are associated with a diagnosis SLE.
Question:
10. An infant is experiencing hemolytic disease of the newborn. Which of the fol-lowing would the
nurse expect to find in the in-fant's history and physi-cal?
Answer:
- The baby is Rh positive.
Hemolytic disease of the newborn was most commonly caused by IgG anti-D alloantibody produced
by Rh-negative mothers against erythrocytes of their Rh-positive fetuses. This disorder is not due to
the mother's exposure to measles, the father's exposure to Agent Orange, or the baby's prematurity.
Question:
11. A nurse recalls that an ex-ample of an immune-com-plex-mediated disease is:
Answer:
- serum sickness.
Immune-complex disease can be a systemic reaction, such as serum sickness, and related to type III
reactions. Bronchial asthma is not an immune-complex-mediated disease and is related to type I
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Which of the following pa-tients should the nurse as-sess for decreased oncotic pressure in the
capillaries?
A patient with:
Answer:
-liver failure. Liver failure leads to lost or diminished plasma albumin produc-tion, and this
contributes to decreased plasma oncotic pressure. A high-protein diet would provide albumin for the
maintenance of on-cotic pressure. Low blood pressure would lead to decreased hydro-static pressure.
Decreased glucose does not affect oncotic pressure.
Question:
2. A 54-year-old male with a long history of smok-ing complains of exces-sive tiredness, shortness of
breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal
bicar-bonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diag-nosis of:
Answer:
- respiratory acidosis.
A decreased pH indicates acidosis. With increased CO2, it is respira-tory acidosis. The bicarbonate is
normal, so it cannot be metabolic acidosis.
Question:
3. For a patient with respira-tory acidosis, chronic com-pensation by the body will include:
Answer:
-kidney excretion of H+. The kidneys excrete H+ to compensate for respiratory acidosis. The kidneys
do not excrete HCO3 to compensate; this would increase acidosis. Prolonged exhalations would not
be effective for compen-sation, especially in a chronic state. Protein buffering is intracellular and
would not be effective enough to compensate for respiratory acidosis.
Question:
4. Which of the following pa-tients is the most at risk for developing hyperna-tremia? A patient with:
Answer:
-dehydration. Dehydration leads to hypernatremia because an increase in sodium occurs with a net
loss in water. Vomiting and diuretic use leads to hyponatremia. Hypoaldosteronism leads to
hyponatremia.
Question:
5. Which patient should the nurse assess for both hy-perkalemia and metabol-ic acidosis? A patient
diag-nosed with:
Answer:
-renal failure. Renal failure is associated with hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis. Diabetes
insipidus results in hypernatremia. Pulmonary disorders are a cause of respiratory acidosis or
alkalosis but do not affect hyperkalemia. Cushing syndrome results in hypernatremia.
, Question:
6. A 19-year-old male pre-sents to his primary care provider reporting rest-lessness, muscle
cramp-ing, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of the following could have
caused his condition?
Answer:
-Acidosis During acute acidosis, hydrogen ions accumulate in the ICF and potassium shifts out of the
cell to the ECF, causing hyperkalemia. Pri-mary hyperaldosteronism is associated with hypokalemia,
not hyper-kalemia. Insulin secretion helps reduce potassium levels in the cell; it does not cause
hyperkalemia. Diuretics would cause hypokalemia, not hyperkalemia.
Question:
7. A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is con-sidered the total
volume of body water?
Answer:
-42 L The total volume of body water for a 70-kg person is about 42 L or two thirds of 70 kg.
Question:
8. A 22 year old was re-cently diagnosed with ac-quired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which
decreased lab finding would be expected to ac-company this virus?
Answer:
- CD4+ T-helper
The major immunologic finding in AIDS is the striking decrease in the number of CD4+ T-helper
cells. The change occurs in CD4 cells, not CD8. Neither CDC nor CDC 10 is a type of cell.
Question:
9. A 30-year-old female com-plains of fatigue, arthri-tis, rash, and changes in urine color. Laborato-ry
testing reveals anemia, lymphopenia, and kidney inflammation. Assuming a diagnosis of SLE, which
of the following is also likely to be present?
Answer:
- Autoantibodies
The presence of autoantibodies is a diagnostic criterion for SLE. Diag-nostic criterion for SLE would
include positive LE. Neither antiherpes nor anti-CMV antibodies are associated with a diagnosis SLE.
Question:
10. An infant is experiencing hemolytic disease of the newborn. Which of the fol-lowing would the
nurse expect to find in the in-fant's history and physi-cal?
Answer:
- The baby is Rh positive.
Hemolytic disease of the newborn was most commonly caused by IgG anti-D alloantibody produced
by Rh-negative mothers against erythrocytes of their Rh-positive fetuses. This disorder is not due to
the mother's exposure to measles, the father's exposure to Agent Orange, or the baby's prematurity.
Question:
11. A nurse recalls that an ex-ample of an immune-com-plex-mediated disease is:
Answer:
- serum sickness.
Immune-complex disease can be a systemic reaction, such as serum sickness, and related to type III
reactions. Bronchial asthma is not an immune-complex-mediated disease and is related to type I
