Robbins Basic Pathology
10th Edition
Author(s)Vinay Kumar; MBBS; MD;
FRCPath; Abul K. Abbas; MBBS and
Jon C. Aster; MD; PhD
Print ISBN: 9780323353175
,Question 1
Which cellular structure contains most of the cell’s genomic DNA and
serves as the primary site for regulation of gene transcription?
A. Lysosome
B. Nucleus
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Peroxisome
Correct Answer: B. Nucleus
,Rationale:
The nucleus contains most of the cell’s DNA and provides the
environment in which DNA replication, transcription, and much of gene
regulation occur. The lysosome primarily degrades macromolecules, the
Golgi modifies and sorts proteins, and peroxisomes participate in
oxidative and lipid metabolic processes. Thus, the nucleus is the
primary cellular compartment for genomic regulation.
Question 2
A cell is exposed to a mild stress that temporarily reduces protein
synthesis. Which cellular process is most directly responsible for
restoring normal function by removing or repairing damaged proteins?
A. Cellular housekeeping
B. Extracellular matrix synthesis
C. Receptor activation
D. DNA replication
Correct Answer: A. Cellular housekeeping
Rationale:
Cellular housekeeping includes processes that maintain protein quality
and remove damaged or unnecessary cellular components, helping
preserve cellular homeostasis. Extracellular matrix synthesis occurs
outside the cell, receptor activation mediates signaling, and DNA
replication duplicates genomic DNA. Therefore, housekeeping
mechanisms are most directly responsible for maintaining functional
cellular components after stress.
Question 3
A researcher inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in a
, population of cells. Which immediate cellular consequence is most
likely?
A. Increased production of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation
B. Reduced capacity for efficient ATP generation
C. Increased synthesis of extracellular collagen
D. Increased DNA replication due to excess energy
Correct Answer: B. Reduced capacity for efficient ATP generation
Rationale:
Mitochondria generate most cellular ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation, so inhibition of this process markedly decreases
efficient energy production. Collagen synthesis is an extracellular matrix
process and is not the immediate consequence of mitochondrial
inhibition. Reduced ATP availability can subsequently impair many
energy-dependent cellular functions, including biosynthesis and ion
transport.
Question 4
A membrane-bound receptor binds its specific growth factor and
triggers intracellular signaling. What is the primary significance of this
event?
A. It allows the cell to respond to an extracellular signal
B. It directly degrades proteins in the cytoplasm
C. It permanently alters the extracellular matrix
D. It prevents all cellular metabolism
Correct Answer: A. It allows the cell to respond to an extracellular
signal
10th Edition
Author(s)Vinay Kumar; MBBS; MD;
FRCPath; Abul K. Abbas; MBBS and
Jon C. Aster; MD; PhD
Print ISBN: 9780323353175
,Question 1
Which cellular structure contains most of the cell’s genomic DNA and
serves as the primary site for regulation of gene transcription?
A. Lysosome
B. Nucleus
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Peroxisome
Correct Answer: B. Nucleus
,Rationale:
The nucleus contains most of the cell’s DNA and provides the
environment in which DNA replication, transcription, and much of gene
regulation occur. The lysosome primarily degrades macromolecules, the
Golgi modifies and sorts proteins, and peroxisomes participate in
oxidative and lipid metabolic processes. Thus, the nucleus is the
primary cellular compartment for genomic regulation.
Question 2
A cell is exposed to a mild stress that temporarily reduces protein
synthesis. Which cellular process is most directly responsible for
restoring normal function by removing or repairing damaged proteins?
A. Cellular housekeeping
B. Extracellular matrix synthesis
C. Receptor activation
D. DNA replication
Correct Answer: A. Cellular housekeeping
Rationale:
Cellular housekeeping includes processes that maintain protein quality
and remove damaged or unnecessary cellular components, helping
preserve cellular homeostasis. Extracellular matrix synthesis occurs
outside the cell, receptor activation mediates signaling, and DNA
replication duplicates genomic DNA. Therefore, housekeeping
mechanisms are most directly responsible for maintaining functional
cellular components after stress.
Question 3
A researcher inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in a
, population of cells. Which immediate cellular consequence is most
likely?
A. Increased production of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation
B. Reduced capacity for efficient ATP generation
C. Increased synthesis of extracellular collagen
D. Increased DNA replication due to excess energy
Correct Answer: B. Reduced capacity for efficient ATP generation
Rationale:
Mitochondria generate most cellular ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation, so inhibition of this process markedly decreases
efficient energy production. Collagen synthesis is an extracellular matrix
process and is not the immediate consequence of mitochondrial
inhibition. Reduced ATP availability can subsequently impair many
energy-dependent cellular functions, including biosynthesis and ion
transport.
Question 4
A membrane-bound receptor binds its specific growth factor and
triggers intracellular signaling. What is the primary significance of this
event?
A. It allows the cell to respond to an extracellular signal
B. It directly degrades proteins in the cytoplasm
C. It permanently alters the extracellular matrix
D. It prevents all cellular metabolism
Correct Answer: A. It allows the cell to respond to an extracellular
signal
