COMSAE Phase 1 Form 113 Actual Exam Questions And Detailed Solutions - Renal & Genitourinary Systems Review - Just Released
COMSAE Phase 1 Form 113 | NBOME | Osteopathic Medical Knowledge | High Yield
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. I. Cardiology - STEMI Anterior V1-V4 LAD Occlusion Crushing Substernal Chest Pain Radiating Left Arm Diaphoresis Nausea ST Elevations
Aspirin 325 mg Oxygen NTG Heparin Activate Cath Lab PCI 90 min Door to Balloon Troponin, Afib Irregularly Irregular No P Waves Rate Control
Metoprolol Diltiazem Anticoagulation CHA2DS2-VASc Warfarin DOAC Apixaban Rivaroxaban
2. II. Pulmonology - COPD Exacerbation Albuterol Ipratropium Prednisone 40 mg Antibiotics Purulent Sputum Oxygen Target 88-92%, Croup Barky
Cough Inspiratory Stridor Night Parainfluenza Dexamethasone 0.6 mg/kg Racemic Epi, ARDS Diffuse Alveolar Damage Increased Permeability
Protein-Rich Edema Hyaline Membrane V/Q Mismatch Shunt Severe Hypoxemia Refractory
3. III. Endocrine - Type 2 Diabetes Insulin Resistance Decreased Glucose Uptake Liver Increased Gluconeogenesis Beta Cell Dysfunction Relative
Deficiency Glucotoxicity Lipotoxicity, DKA Absolute Deficiency Lipolysis Ketogenesis Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Acidosis pH <7.3 Bicarbonate <18
Kussmaul Polyuria, Hyperthyroidism Graves Low TSH High Free T4 TSI Tremor Palpitations Exophthalmos Methimazole PTU Beta Blocker,
Hypothyroidism Elevated TSH Low Free T4 Fatigue Weight Gain Cold Intolerance Levothyroxine
4. IV. Gastroenterology - Duodenal Ulcer Pain Worse Night Relieved Food H. pylori NSAID Triple Therapy Clarithromycin Amoxicillin PPI Quadruple
Bismuth Metronidazole Tetracycline, Osteoporosis Compression Fracture T-score <=-2.5 Decreased Estrogen Osteoclast Increased Osteoblast
Decreased Fragility Fracture Sudden Severe Back Pain Height Loss Kyphosis Calcium Vitamin D Bisphosphonate Alendronate, Wernicke Thiamine
B1 Deficiency Triad Confusion Ataxia Ophthalmoplegia Nystagmus Chronic Alcohol Thiamine 500 mg IV TID Before Glucose
5. V. Renal & Genitourinary - Nephrotic Increased Permeability Podocyte Injury Proteinuria >3.5 g/day Hypoalbuminemia Edema Hyperlipidemia
Hypercoagulable, BPH Urinary Hesitancy Weak Stream Nocturia Frequency Urgency Elevated PSA DRE Enlarged Smooth Non-Tender Tamsulosin
Finasteride, Gonorrhea Gram-Negative Intracellular Diplococci Urethral Discharge Dysuria Ceftriaxone 500 mg IM Plus Doxycycline Partner
Treatment
6. VI. Neurology & Psychiatry - Ischemic Stroke Thrombotic Embolic Occlusion Decreased Cerebral Blood Flow <20 mL/100g/min Ischemia
Penumbra Excitotoxicity Glutamate Calcium Cytotoxic Edema Infarction, Major Depressive Disorder Anhedonia Weight Loss Insomnia Suicidal
Ideation SSRI Sertraline Fluoxetine Black Box Suicidal Ideation Young Adults Safety Plan CBT
7. VII. Infectious Disease & Immunology - Infectious Mononucleosis EBV Fever Sore Throat Exudative Pharyngitis Posterior Cervical
Lymphadenopathy Fatigue Splenomegaly Atypical Lymphocytes Heterophile Monospot Avoid Contact Sports Splenic Rupture 3 Weeks, Strep Throat
Centor Criteria, SLE Autoimmune Type III Hypersensitivity Immune Complex ANA dsDNA Low C3 C4 Butterfly Rash Photosensitivity Joint Pain
Nephritis
8. VIII. OBGYN & Pediatrics - Abortion Types Threatened Os Closed Inevitable Os Open Incomplete Complete, Postmenopausal Bleeding
Endometrial Thickness >4-5 mm Biopsy Rule Out Cancer, Physiologic Jaundice After 24 Hours Bilirubin <12-15 vs Pathologic <24 Hours >15, Normal
Pressure Hydrocephalus Triad Wet Wobbly Wacky Confusion Incontinence Gait Disturbance Enlarged Ventricles VP Shunt
9. IX. Musculoskeletal & Dermatology - RA Autoimmune Chronic Synovitis Pannus TNF IL-1 IL-6 RF Anti-CCP Symmetric Small Joints Morning >30
min, OA Degenerative Cartilage Loss Osteophyte Non-Inflammatory Morning <30 min Crepitus Pain Worse Activity
10. X. Practice Questions - Each Asked Like Real COMSAE Phase 1 Form 113 Exam - Actual Exam Questions
11. XI. Answer Key with Detailed Solutions - Just Released
,COMSAE PHASE 1 FORM 113 - PRACTICE QUESTIONS - EACH QUESTION ASKED LIKE REAL EXAM
Based on NBOME COMSAE Phase 1 Form 113 Blueprint - Cardiology Pulmonology Endocrine GI Renal Neuro Psych Infectious OBGYN Pediatrics Musculoskeletal. High Yield Just Released.
1. A 70-year-old female with osteoporosis, sudden severe back pain after lifting, height loss, kyphosis. X-ray shows compression fracture L1.
Pathophysiology?
A. Only muscle strain
B. Osteoporosis compression fracture - decreased bone density T-score <=-2.5 decreased estrogen increased osteoclast activity decreased osteoblast, risk fragility
fracture after minimal trauma, sudden severe back pain height loss kyphosis - treat calcium vitamin D bisphosphonate alendronate
C. No fracture
D. Osteoarthritis
Answer: B
Rationale: Osteoporosis compression fracture decreased bone density T-score <=-2.5 decreased estrogen increased osteoclast decreased osteoblast fragility
fracture minimal trauma sudden severe back pain height loss kyphosis calcium vitamin D bisphosphonate alendronate.
2. A 30-year-old male with urethral discharge, dysuria, gram-negative intracellular diplococci. What is diagnosis and treatment?
A. Chlamydia only
B. Only UTI
C. No STI
D. Gonorrhea Neisseria gonorrhoeae gram-negative intracellular diplococci purulent urethral discharge dysuria - treat ceftriaxone 500 mg IM plus doxycycline if
chlamydia not excluded, partner treatment
Answer: D
Rationale: Gonorrhea gram-negative intracellular diplococci urethral discharge dysuria treat ceftriaxone 500 mg IM plus doxycycline if chlamydia not excluded partner
treatment.
3. A 55-year-old female with postmenopausal bleeding, endometrial thickness 8 mm. Next step?
A. Postmenopausal bleeding concerning endometrial cancer thickness >4-5 mm requires biopsy endometrial biopsy to rule out cancer
B. Reassure
C. Only repeat US
D. No biopsy
Answer: A
Rationale: Postmenopausal bleeding concerning endometrial cancer thickness >4-5 mm requires biopsy.
4. A 70-year-old female with osteoporosis, sudden severe back pain after lifting, height loss, kyphosis. X-ray shows compression fracture L1.
Pathophysiology?
A. No fracture
B. Osteoarthritis
C. Osteoporosis compression fracture - decreased bone density T-score <=-2.5 decreased estrogen increased osteoclast activity decreased osteoblast, risk fragility
fracture after minimal trauma, sudden severe back pain height loss kyphosis - treat calcium vitamin D bisphosphonate alendronate
D. Only muscle strain
Answer: C
Rationale: Osteoporosis compression fracture decreased bone density T-score <=-2.5 decreased estrogen increased osteoclast decreased osteoblast fragility
fracture minimal trauma sudden severe back pain height loss kyphosis calcium vitamin D bisphosphonate alendronate.
5. A 25-year-old female with fever, sore throat, exudative pharyngitis, posterior cervical lymphadenopathy, fatigue, splenomegaly, atypical lymphocytes.
What is diagnosis?
A. Strep throat
B. Only strep
C. Infectious mononucleosis EBV - fever sore throat exudative pharyngitis posterior cervical lymphadenopathy fatigue splenomegaly atypical lymphocytes heterophile
antibody positive Monospot - avoid contact sports splenic rupture
D. No mono
Answer: C
Rationale: Infectious mononucleosis EBV fever sore throat exudative pharyngitis posterior cervical lymphadenopathy fatigue splenomegaly atypical lymphocytes
heterophile Monospot positive avoid contact sports splenic rupture risk 3 weeks.
6. A 60-year-old male with prostate enlargement, urinary hesitancy, weak stream, nocturia, elevated PSA 8 ng/mL, DRE enlarged smooth prostate.
Diagnosis?
A. Prostate cancer
B. No BPH
C. Only prostatitis
D. BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia - urinary hesitancy weak stream nocturia frequency urgency elevated PSA DRE enlarged smooth non-tender prostate - treat
alpha blocker tamsulosin 5-alpha reductase finasteride
Answer: D
Rationale: BPH urinary hesitancy weak stream nocturia frequency urgency elevated PSA DRE enlarged smooth non-tender treat alpha blocker tamsulosin 5-alpha
reductase finasteride.
7. A 45-year-old with polyuria polydipsia polyphagia fasting glucose 210 HbA1c 9.2% obesity insulin resistance. Pathophysiology type 2 diabetes?
A. Type 2 insulin resistance peripheral decreased glucose uptake liver increased gluconeogenesis beta cell dysfunction relative deficiency glucotoxicity lipotoxicity
obesity inflammation
B. Type 1 autoimmune
C. No diabetes
D. Only type 1
Answer: A
,Rationale: Type 2 insulin resistance peripheral decreased uptake liver increased gluconeogenesis beta cell dysfunction relative deficiency glucotoxicity lipotoxicity
obesity inflammation.
8. A 50-year-old with major depressive disorder, anhedonia, weight loss, insomnia, suicidal ideation. What is treatment?
A. Major depressive disorder anhedonia weight loss insomnia suicidal ideation - SSRI sertraline fluoxetine first line, black box warning suicidal ideation young adults
initial weeks safety plan close monitoring psychotherapy CBT
B. Only benzodiazepine
C. No treatment
D. No SSRI
Answer: A
Rationale: MDD anhedonia weight loss insomnia suicidal ideation SSRI sertraline fluoxetine first line black box suicidal ideation young adults initial weeks safety plan
monitoring psychotherapy CBT.
9. A patient with ARDS severe hypoxemia PaO2/FiO2 <300 bilateral infiltrates no cardiac failure after sepsis. Pathophysiology?
A. ARDS diffuse alveolar damage increased permeability protein-rich edema hyaline membrane decreased compliance V/Q mismatch shunt severe hypoxemia
refractory O2 sepsis pneumonia aspiration
B. Only cardiogenic
C. Cardiogenic edema
D. No ARDS
Answer: A
Rationale: ARDS diffuse alveolar damage increased permeability protein-rich edema hyaline membrane decreased compliance V/Q mismatch shunt severe
hypoxemia refractory O2 sepsis pneumonia aspiration.
10. A 30-year-old male with urethral discharge, dysuria, gram-negative intracellular diplococci. What is diagnosis and treatment?
A. Chlamydia only
B. Only UTI
C. Gonorrhea Neisseria gonorrhoeae gram-negative intracellular diplococci purulent urethral discharge dysuria - treat ceftriaxone 500 mg IM plus doxycycline if
chlamydia not excluded, partner treatment
D. No STI
Answer: C
Rationale: Gonorrhea gram-negative intracellular diplococci urethral discharge dysuria treat ceftriaxone 500 mg IM plus doxycycline if chlamydia not excluded partner
treatment.
11. A 28-year-old female with 6 weeks amenorrhea, vaginal bleeding, cramping, cervical os open, tissue passing. Diagnosis?
A. Ectopic
B. No abortion
C. Threatened abortion os closed
D. Inevitable abortion os open bleeding cramping tissue - vs incomplete some tissue passed os open, complete all tissue passed os closed, threatened os closed
Answer: D
Rationale: Abortion inevitable os open bleeding cramping tissue incomplete some tissue passed os open complete all tissue passed os closed threatened os closed
bleeding cramping.
12. A 25-year-old female with fever, sore throat, exudative pharyngitis, posterior cervical lymphadenopathy, fatigue, splenomegaly, atypical lymphocytes.
What is diagnosis?
A. No mono
B. Only strep
C. Strep throat
D. Infectious mononucleosis EBV - fever sore throat exudative pharyngitis posterior cervical lymphadenopathy fatigue splenomegaly atypical lymphocytes heterophile
antibody positive Monospot - avoid contact sports splenic rupture
Answer: D
Rationale: Infectious mononucleosis EBV fever sore throat exudative pharyngitis posterior cervical lymphadenopathy fatigue splenomegaly atypical lymphocytes
heterophile Monospot positive avoid contact sports splenic rupture risk 3 weeks.
13. A 50-year-old with major depressive disorder, anhedonia, weight loss, insomnia, suicidal ideation. What is treatment?
A. No treatment
B. Only benzodiazepine
C. Major depressive disorder anhedonia weight loss insomnia suicidal ideation - SSRI sertraline fluoxetine first line, black box warning suicidal ideation young adults
initial weeks safety plan close monitoring psychotherapy CBT
D. No SSRI
Answer: C
Rationale: MDD anhedonia weight loss insomnia suicidal ideation SSRI sertraline fluoxetine first line black box suicidal ideation young adults initial weeks safety plan
monitoring psychotherapy CBT.
14. A 60-year-old male with prostate enlargement, urinary hesitancy, weak stream, nocturia, elevated PSA 8 ng/mL, DRE enlarged smooth prostate.
Diagnosis?
A. No BPH
B. Prostate cancer
C. BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia - urinary hesitancy weak stream nocturia frequency urgency elevated PSA DRE enlarged smooth non-tender prostate - treat
alpha blocker tamsulosin 5-alpha reductase finasteride
D. Only prostatitis
Answer: C
Rationale: BPH urinary hesitancy weak stream nocturia frequency urgency elevated PSA DRE enlarged smooth non-tender treat alpha blocker tamsulosin 5-alpha
reductase finasteride.
, 15. A 70-year-old female with osteoporosis, sudden severe back pain after lifting, height loss, kyphosis. X-ray shows compression fracture L1.
Pathophysiology?
A. Only muscle strain
B. No fracture
C. Osteoporosis compression fracture - decreased bone density T-score <=-2.5 decreased estrogen increased osteoclast activity decreased osteoblast, risk fragility
fracture after minimal trauma, sudden severe back pain height loss kyphosis - treat calcium vitamin D bisphosphonate alendronate
D. Osteoarthritis
Answer: C
Rationale: Osteoporosis compression fracture decreased bone density T-score <=-2.5 decreased estrogen increased osteoclast decreased osteoblast fragility
fracture minimal trauma sudden severe back pain height loss kyphosis calcium vitamin D bisphosphonate alendronate.
16. A 50-year-old with major depressive disorder, anhedonia, weight loss, insomnia, suicidal ideation. What is treatment?
A. No SSRI
B. Major depressive disorder anhedonia weight loss insomnia suicidal ideation - SSRI sertraline fluoxetine first line, black box warning suicidal ideation young adults
initial weeks safety plan close monitoring psychotherapy CBT
C. Only benzodiazepine
D. No treatment
Answer: B
Rationale: MDD anhedonia weight loss insomnia suicidal ideation SSRI sertraline fluoxetine first line black box suicidal ideation young adults initial weeks safety plan
monitoring psychotherapy CBT.
17. A newborn with yellow skin day 2, bilirubin 12 mg/dL. Type jaundice?
A. No jaundice
B. Always pathologic
C. Pathologic <24 hours
D. Physiologic jaundice after 24 hours bilirubin <12-15 no hemolysis normal exam vs pathologic <24 hours >15 rapid rise hemolysis
Answer: D
Rationale: Physiologic after 24 hours bilirubin <12-15 no hemolysis normal exam pathologic <24 hours >15 rapid rise hemolysis.
18. A 45-year-old male with epigastric pain worse at night relieved by food, H. pylori positive, NSAID use. What is diagnosis and treatment?
A. Gastric ulcer worse after food
B. No ulcer
C. Duodenal ulcer - pain worse at night relieved by food H. pylori NSAID risk - treat triple therapy clarithromycin amoxicillin PPI or quadruple bismuth metronidazole
tetracycline PPI stop NSAID
D. GERD
Answer: C
Rationale: Duodenal ulcer pain worse night relieved food H. pylori NSAID treat triple clarithromycin amoxicillin PPI or quadruple bismuth metronidazole tetracycline
PPI stop NSAID.
19. A 45-year-old with polyuria polydipsia polyphagia fasting glucose 210 HbA1c 9.2% obesity insulin resistance. Pathophysiology type 2 diabetes?
A. Only type 1
B. Type 2 insulin resistance peripheral decreased glucose uptake liver increased gluconeogenesis beta cell dysfunction relative deficiency glucotoxicity lipotoxicity
obesity inflammation
C. Type 1 autoimmune
D. No diabetes
Answer: B
Rationale: Type 2 insulin resistance peripheral decreased uptake liver increased gluconeogenesis beta cell dysfunction relative deficiency glucotoxicity lipotoxicity
obesity inflammation.
20. A 2-year-old with barky cough, inspiratory stridor, low grade fever, worse at night. Diagnosis?
A. Epiglottitis
B. No croup
C. Croup laryngotracheobronchitis parainfluenza most common barky cough stridor night low grade fever cool mist dexamethasone 0.6 mg/kg racemic epinephrine if
moderate-severe
D. Asthma
Answer: C
Rationale: Croup barky cough inspiratory stridor night low grade fever parainfluenza cool mist dexamethasone 0.6 mg/kg racemic epi moderate-severe.
21. A 2-year-old with barky cough, inspiratory stridor, low grade fever, worse at night. Diagnosis?
A. No croup
B. Epiglottitis
C. Asthma
D. Croup laryngotracheobronchitis parainfluenza most common barky cough stridor night low grade fever cool mist dexamethasone 0.6 mg/kg racemic epinephrine if
moderate-severe
Answer: D
Rationale: Croup barky cough inspiratory stridor night low grade fever parainfluenza cool mist dexamethasone 0.6 mg/kg racemic epi moderate-severe.
22. A 35-year-old female with palpitations, weight loss, heat intolerance, tremor, exophthalmos, low TSH high free T4. Diagnosis?
A. Only hypothyroid
B. No thyroid
C. Graves hyperthyroidism low TSH high free T4 palpitations weight loss heat intolerance tremor exophthalmos autoimmune TSI stimulates TSH receptor treat
methimazole PTU beta blocker propranolol
D. Hypothyroidism
COMSAE Phase 1 Form 113 | NBOME | Osteopathic Medical Knowledge | High Yield
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. I. Cardiology - STEMI Anterior V1-V4 LAD Occlusion Crushing Substernal Chest Pain Radiating Left Arm Diaphoresis Nausea ST Elevations
Aspirin 325 mg Oxygen NTG Heparin Activate Cath Lab PCI 90 min Door to Balloon Troponin, Afib Irregularly Irregular No P Waves Rate Control
Metoprolol Diltiazem Anticoagulation CHA2DS2-VASc Warfarin DOAC Apixaban Rivaroxaban
2. II. Pulmonology - COPD Exacerbation Albuterol Ipratropium Prednisone 40 mg Antibiotics Purulent Sputum Oxygen Target 88-92%, Croup Barky
Cough Inspiratory Stridor Night Parainfluenza Dexamethasone 0.6 mg/kg Racemic Epi, ARDS Diffuse Alveolar Damage Increased Permeability
Protein-Rich Edema Hyaline Membrane V/Q Mismatch Shunt Severe Hypoxemia Refractory
3. III. Endocrine - Type 2 Diabetes Insulin Resistance Decreased Glucose Uptake Liver Increased Gluconeogenesis Beta Cell Dysfunction Relative
Deficiency Glucotoxicity Lipotoxicity, DKA Absolute Deficiency Lipolysis Ketogenesis Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Acidosis pH <7.3 Bicarbonate <18
Kussmaul Polyuria, Hyperthyroidism Graves Low TSH High Free T4 TSI Tremor Palpitations Exophthalmos Methimazole PTU Beta Blocker,
Hypothyroidism Elevated TSH Low Free T4 Fatigue Weight Gain Cold Intolerance Levothyroxine
4. IV. Gastroenterology - Duodenal Ulcer Pain Worse Night Relieved Food H. pylori NSAID Triple Therapy Clarithromycin Amoxicillin PPI Quadruple
Bismuth Metronidazole Tetracycline, Osteoporosis Compression Fracture T-score <=-2.5 Decreased Estrogen Osteoclast Increased Osteoblast
Decreased Fragility Fracture Sudden Severe Back Pain Height Loss Kyphosis Calcium Vitamin D Bisphosphonate Alendronate, Wernicke Thiamine
B1 Deficiency Triad Confusion Ataxia Ophthalmoplegia Nystagmus Chronic Alcohol Thiamine 500 mg IV TID Before Glucose
5. V. Renal & Genitourinary - Nephrotic Increased Permeability Podocyte Injury Proteinuria >3.5 g/day Hypoalbuminemia Edema Hyperlipidemia
Hypercoagulable, BPH Urinary Hesitancy Weak Stream Nocturia Frequency Urgency Elevated PSA DRE Enlarged Smooth Non-Tender Tamsulosin
Finasteride, Gonorrhea Gram-Negative Intracellular Diplococci Urethral Discharge Dysuria Ceftriaxone 500 mg IM Plus Doxycycline Partner
Treatment
6. VI. Neurology & Psychiatry - Ischemic Stroke Thrombotic Embolic Occlusion Decreased Cerebral Blood Flow <20 mL/100g/min Ischemia
Penumbra Excitotoxicity Glutamate Calcium Cytotoxic Edema Infarction, Major Depressive Disorder Anhedonia Weight Loss Insomnia Suicidal
Ideation SSRI Sertraline Fluoxetine Black Box Suicidal Ideation Young Adults Safety Plan CBT
7. VII. Infectious Disease & Immunology - Infectious Mononucleosis EBV Fever Sore Throat Exudative Pharyngitis Posterior Cervical
Lymphadenopathy Fatigue Splenomegaly Atypical Lymphocytes Heterophile Monospot Avoid Contact Sports Splenic Rupture 3 Weeks, Strep Throat
Centor Criteria, SLE Autoimmune Type III Hypersensitivity Immune Complex ANA dsDNA Low C3 C4 Butterfly Rash Photosensitivity Joint Pain
Nephritis
8. VIII. OBGYN & Pediatrics - Abortion Types Threatened Os Closed Inevitable Os Open Incomplete Complete, Postmenopausal Bleeding
Endometrial Thickness >4-5 mm Biopsy Rule Out Cancer, Physiologic Jaundice After 24 Hours Bilirubin <12-15 vs Pathologic <24 Hours >15, Normal
Pressure Hydrocephalus Triad Wet Wobbly Wacky Confusion Incontinence Gait Disturbance Enlarged Ventricles VP Shunt
9. IX. Musculoskeletal & Dermatology - RA Autoimmune Chronic Synovitis Pannus TNF IL-1 IL-6 RF Anti-CCP Symmetric Small Joints Morning >30
min, OA Degenerative Cartilage Loss Osteophyte Non-Inflammatory Morning <30 min Crepitus Pain Worse Activity
10. X. Practice Questions - Each Asked Like Real COMSAE Phase 1 Form 113 Exam - Actual Exam Questions
11. XI. Answer Key with Detailed Solutions - Just Released
,COMSAE PHASE 1 FORM 113 - PRACTICE QUESTIONS - EACH QUESTION ASKED LIKE REAL EXAM
Based on NBOME COMSAE Phase 1 Form 113 Blueprint - Cardiology Pulmonology Endocrine GI Renal Neuro Psych Infectious OBGYN Pediatrics Musculoskeletal. High Yield Just Released.
1. A 70-year-old female with osteoporosis, sudden severe back pain after lifting, height loss, kyphosis. X-ray shows compression fracture L1.
Pathophysiology?
A. Only muscle strain
B. Osteoporosis compression fracture - decreased bone density T-score <=-2.5 decreased estrogen increased osteoclast activity decreased osteoblast, risk fragility
fracture after minimal trauma, sudden severe back pain height loss kyphosis - treat calcium vitamin D bisphosphonate alendronate
C. No fracture
D. Osteoarthritis
Answer: B
Rationale: Osteoporosis compression fracture decreased bone density T-score <=-2.5 decreased estrogen increased osteoclast decreased osteoblast fragility
fracture minimal trauma sudden severe back pain height loss kyphosis calcium vitamin D bisphosphonate alendronate.
2. A 30-year-old male with urethral discharge, dysuria, gram-negative intracellular diplococci. What is diagnosis and treatment?
A. Chlamydia only
B. Only UTI
C. No STI
D. Gonorrhea Neisseria gonorrhoeae gram-negative intracellular diplococci purulent urethral discharge dysuria - treat ceftriaxone 500 mg IM plus doxycycline if
chlamydia not excluded, partner treatment
Answer: D
Rationale: Gonorrhea gram-negative intracellular diplococci urethral discharge dysuria treat ceftriaxone 500 mg IM plus doxycycline if chlamydia not excluded partner
treatment.
3. A 55-year-old female with postmenopausal bleeding, endometrial thickness 8 mm. Next step?
A. Postmenopausal bleeding concerning endometrial cancer thickness >4-5 mm requires biopsy endometrial biopsy to rule out cancer
B. Reassure
C. Only repeat US
D. No biopsy
Answer: A
Rationale: Postmenopausal bleeding concerning endometrial cancer thickness >4-5 mm requires biopsy.
4. A 70-year-old female with osteoporosis, sudden severe back pain after lifting, height loss, kyphosis. X-ray shows compression fracture L1.
Pathophysiology?
A. No fracture
B. Osteoarthritis
C. Osteoporosis compression fracture - decreased bone density T-score <=-2.5 decreased estrogen increased osteoclast activity decreased osteoblast, risk fragility
fracture after minimal trauma, sudden severe back pain height loss kyphosis - treat calcium vitamin D bisphosphonate alendronate
D. Only muscle strain
Answer: C
Rationale: Osteoporosis compression fracture decreased bone density T-score <=-2.5 decreased estrogen increased osteoclast decreased osteoblast fragility
fracture minimal trauma sudden severe back pain height loss kyphosis calcium vitamin D bisphosphonate alendronate.
5. A 25-year-old female with fever, sore throat, exudative pharyngitis, posterior cervical lymphadenopathy, fatigue, splenomegaly, atypical lymphocytes.
What is diagnosis?
A. Strep throat
B. Only strep
C. Infectious mononucleosis EBV - fever sore throat exudative pharyngitis posterior cervical lymphadenopathy fatigue splenomegaly atypical lymphocytes heterophile
antibody positive Monospot - avoid contact sports splenic rupture
D. No mono
Answer: C
Rationale: Infectious mononucleosis EBV fever sore throat exudative pharyngitis posterior cervical lymphadenopathy fatigue splenomegaly atypical lymphocytes
heterophile Monospot positive avoid contact sports splenic rupture risk 3 weeks.
6. A 60-year-old male with prostate enlargement, urinary hesitancy, weak stream, nocturia, elevated PSA 8 ng/mL, DRE enlarged smooth prostate.
Diagnosis?
A. Prostate cancer
B. No BPH
C. Only prostatitis
D. BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia - urinary hesitancy weak stream nocturia frequency urgency elevated PSA DRE enlarged smooth non-tender prostate - treat
alpha blocker tamsulosin 5-alpha reductase finasteride
Answer: D
Rationale: BPH urinary hesitancy weak stream nocturia frequency urgency elevated PSA DRE enlarged smooth non-tender treat alpha blocker tamsulosin 5-alpha
reductase finasteride.
7. A 45-year-old with polyuria polydipsia polyphagia fasting glucose 210 HbA1c 9.2% obesity insulin resistance. Pathophysiology type 2 diabetes?
A. Type 2 insulin resistance peripheral decreased glucose uptake liver increased gluconeogenesis beta cell dysfunction relative deficiency glucotoxicity lipotoxicity
obesity inflammation
B. Type 1 autoimmune
C. No diabetes
D. Only type 1
Answer: A
,Rationale: Type 2 insulin resistance peripheral decreased uptake liver increased gluconeogenesis beta cell dysfunction relative deficiency glucotoxicity lipotoxicity
obesity inflammation.
8. A 50-year-old with major depressive disorder, anhedonia, weight loss, insomnia, suicidal ideation. What is treatment?
A. Major depressive disorder anhedonia weight loss insomnia suicidal ideation - SSRI sertraline fluoxetine first line, black box warning suicidal ideation young adults
initial weeks safety plan close monitoring psychotherapy CBT
B. Only benzodiazepine
C. No treatment
D. No SSRI
Answer: A
Rationale: MDD anhedonia weight loss insomnia suicidal ideation SSRI sertraline fluoxetine first line black box suicidal ideation young adults initial weeks safety plan
monitoring psychotherapy CBT.
9. A patient with ARDS severe hypoxemia PaO2/FiO2 <300 bilateral infiltrates no cardiac failure after sepsis. Pathophysiology?
A. ARDS diffuse alveolar damage increased permeability protein-rich edema hyaline membrane decreased compliance V/Q mismatch shunt severe hypoxemia
refractory O2 sepsis pneumonia aspiration
B. Only cardiogenic
C. Cardiogenic edema
D. No ARDS
Answer: A
Rationale: ARDS diffuse alveolar damage increased permeability protein-rich edema hyaline membrane decreased compliance V/Q mismatch shunt severe
hypoxemia refractory O2 sepsis pneumonia aspiration.
10. A 30-year-old male with urethral discharge, dysuria, gram-negative intracellular diplococci. What is diagnosis and treatment?
A. Chlamydia only
B. Only UTI
C. Gonorrhea Neisseria gonorrhoeae gram-negative intracellular diplococci purulent urethral discharge dysuria - treat ceftriaxone 500 mg IM plus doxycycline if
chlamydia not excluded, partner treatment
D. No STI
Answer: C
Rationale: Gonorrhea gram-negative intracellular diplococci urethral discharge dysuria treat ceftriaxone 500 mg IM plus doxycycline if chlamydia not excluded partner
treatment.
11. A 28-year-old female with 6 weeks amenorrhea, vaginal bleeding, cramping, cervical os open, tissue passing. Diagnosis?
A. Ectopic
B. No abortion
C. Threatened abortion os closed
D. Inevitable abortion os open bleeding cramping tissue - vs incomplete some tissue passed os open, complete all tissue passed os closed, threatened os closed
Answer: D
Rationale: Abortion inevitable os open bleeding cramping tissue incomplete some tissue passed os open complete all tissue passed os closed threatened os closed
bleeding cramping.
12. A 25-year-old female with fever, sore throat, exudative pharyngitis, posterior cervical lymphadenopathy, fatigue, splenomegaly, atypical lymphocytes.
What is diagnosis?
A. No mono
B. Only strep
C. Strep throat
D. Infectious mononucleosis EBV - fever sore throat exudative pharyngitis posterior cervical lymphadenopathy fatigue splenomegaly atypical lymphocytes heterophile
antibody positive Monospot - avoid contact sports splenic rupture
Answer: D
Rationale: Infectious mononucleosis EBV fever sore throat exudative pharyngitis posterior cervical lymphadenopathy fatigue splenomegaly atypical lymphocytes
heterophile Monospot positive avoid contact sports splenic rupture risk 3 weeks.
13. A 50-year-old with major depressive disorder, anhedonia, weight loss, insomnia, suicidal ideation. What is treatment?
A. No treatment
B. Only benzodiazepine
C. Major depressive disorder anhedonia weight loss insomnia suicidal ideation - SSRI sertraline fluoxetine first line, black box warning suicidal ideation young adults
initial weeks safety plan close monitoring psychotherapy CBT
D. No SSRI
Answer: C
Rationale: MDD anhedonia weight loss insomnia suicidal ideation SSRI sertraline fluoxetine first line black box suicidal ideation young adults initial weeks safety plan
monitoring psychotherapy CBT.
14. A 60-year-old male with prostate enlargement, urinary hesitancy, weak stream, nocturia, elevated PSA 8 ng/mL, DRE enlarged smooth prostate.
Diagnosis?
A. No BPH
B. Prostate cancer
C. BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia - urinary hesitancy weak stream nocturia frequency urgency elevated PSA DRE enlarged smooth non-tender prostate - treat
alpha blocker tamsulosin 5-alpha reductase finasteride
D. Only prostatitis
Answer: C
Rationale: BPH urinary hesitancy weak stream nocturia frequency urgency elevated PSA DRE enlarged smooth non-tender treat alpha blocker tamsulosin 5-alpha
reductase finasteride.
, 15. A 70-year-old female with osteoporosis, sudden severe back pain after lifting, height loss, kyphosis. X-ray shows compression fracture L1.
Pathophysiology?
A. Only muscle strain
B. No fracture
C. Osteoporosis compression fracture - decreased bone density T-score <=-2.5 decreased estrogen increased osteoclast activity decreased osteoblast, risk fragility
fracture after minimal trauma, sudden severe back pain height loss kyphosis - treat calcium vitamin D bisphosphonate alendronate
D. Osteoarthritis
Answer: C
Rationale: Osteoporosis compression fracture decreased bone density T-score <=-2.5 decreased estrogen increased osteoclast decreased osteoblast fragility
fracture minimal trauma sudden severe back pain height loss kyphosis calcium vitamin D bisphosphonate alendronate.
16. A 50-year-old with major depressive disorder, anhedonia, weight loss, insomnia, suicidal ideation. What is treatment?
A. No SSRI
B. Major depressive disorder anhedonia weight loss insomnia suicidal ideation - SSRI sertraline fluoxetine first line, black box warning suicidal ideation young adults
initial weeks safety plan close monitoring psychotherapy CBT
C. Only benzodiazepine
D. No treatment
Answer: B
Rationale: MDD anhedonia weight loss insomnia suicidal ideation SSRI sertraline fluoxetine first line black box suicidal ideation young adults initial weeks safety plan
monitoring psychotherapy CBT.
17. A newborn with yellow skin day 2, bilirubin 12 mg/dL. Type jaundice?
A. No jaundice
B. Always pathologic
C. Pathologic <24 hours
D. Physiologic jaundice after 24 hours bilirubin <12-15 no hemolysis normal exam vs pathologic <24 hours >15 rapid rise hemolysis
Answer: D
Rationale: Physiologic after 24 hours bilirubin <12-15 no hemolysis normal exam pathologic <24 hours >15 rapid rise hemolysis.
18. A 45-year-old male with epigastric pain worse at night relieved by food, H. pylori positive, NSAID use. What is diagnosis and treatment?
A. Gastric ulcer worse after food
B. No ulcer
C. Duodenal ulcer - pain worse at night relieved by food H. pylori NSAID risk - treat triple therapy clarithromycin amoxicillin PPI or quadruple bismuth metronidazole
tetracycline PPI stop NSAID
D. GERD
Answer: C
Rationale: Duodenal ulcer pain worse night relieved food H. pylori NSAID treat triple clarithromycin amoxicillin PPI or quadruple bismuth metronidazole tetracycline
PPI stop NSAID.
19. A 45-year-old with polyuria polydipsia polyphagia fasting glucose 210 HbA1c 9.2% obesity insulin resistance. Pathophysiology type 2 diabetes?
A. Only type 1
B. Type 2 insulin resistance peripheral decreased glucose uptake liver increased gluconeogenesis beta cell dysfunction relative deficiency glucotoxicity lipotoxicity
obesity inflammation
C. Type 1 autoimmune
D. No diabetes
Answer: B
Rationale: Type 2 insulin resistance peripheral decreased uptake liver increased gluconeogenesis beta cell dysfunction relative deficiency glucotoxicity lipotoxicity
obesity inflammation.
20. A 2-year-old with barky cough, inspiratory stridor, low grade fever, worse at night. Diagnosis?
A. Epiglottitis
B. No croup
C. Croup laryngotracheobronchitis parainfluenza most common barky cough stridor night low grade fever cool mist dexamethasone 0.6 mg/kg racemic epinephrine if
moderate-severe
D. Asthma
Answer: C
Rationale: Croup barky cough inspiratory stridor night low grade fever parainfluenza cool mist dexamethasone 0.6 mg/kg racemic epi moderate-severe.
21. A 2-year-old with barky cough, inspiratory stridor, low grade fever, worse at night. Diagnosis?
A. No croup
B. Epiglottitis
C. Asthma
D. Croup laryngotracheobronchitis parainfluenza most common barky cough stridor night low grade fever cool mist dexamethasone 0.6 mg/kg racemic epinephrine if
moderate-severe
Answer: D
Rationale: Croup barky cough inspiratory stridor night low grade fever parainfluenza cool mist dexamethasone 0.6 mg/kg racemic epi moderate-severe.
22. A 35-year-old female with palpitations, weight loss, heat intolerance, tremor, exophthalmos, low TSH high free T4. Diagnosis?
A. Only hypothyroid
B. No thyroid
C. Graves hyperthyroidism low TSH high free T4 palpitations weight loss heat intolerance tremor exophthalmos autoimmune TSI stimulates TSH receptor treat
methimazole PTU beta blocker propranolol
D. Hypothyroidism
