Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 3
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Question 1.
What lab values should be monitored with gout and why?
Correct Answer: Uric acid, kidney function (creatinine/BUN), liver enzymes,
and CBC to guide therapy and monitor for adverse effects.
Question 2.
What patient education should you provide when prescribing colchicine?
Correct Answer: Take exactly as prescribed, avoid high doses, report GI
symptoms or unusual bleeding, monitor for muscle weakness, avoid grapefruit
juice, notify provider of other medications.
Question 3.
What are the adverse effects of corticosteroids if administered for six months or more?
Correct Answer: Long-term use can cause osteoporosis, hyperglycemia,
weight gain, hypertension, cataracts, adrenal suppression, and increased
infection risk; patients need to maintain bone health, monitor blood sugar,
and avoid sudden discontinuation.
Question 4.
Why is it important to taper the corticosteroid?
Correct Answer: Tapering prevents adrenal insufficiency because the body's
adrenal glands may not produce enough cortisol after long-term steroid use.
Question 5.
What are the black box warnings on NSAIDs?
Correct Answer: Risk of serious cardiovascular thrombotic events, myocardial
infarction, stroke, and serious GI bleeding, ulceration, and perforation.
Question 6.
What are the recommendations in the treatment of pain?
Correct Answer: Use lowest effective dose for shortest duration, start with
non-opioids (acetaminophen, NSAIDs), assess functional improvement,
consider non-pharmacologic therapies.
, Question 7.
What is the mechanism of action of ibuprofen?
Correct Answer: Inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, reducing prostaglandin
synthesis to decrease inflammation, pain, and fever.
Question 8.
What are the serious side effects associated with acetaminophen?
Correct Answer: Liver toxicity in high doses; patients should not exceed 3-4
g/day and avoid alcohol; early signs include nausea, vomiting, sweating,
malaise.
Question 9.
Identify the symptoms of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and ketoacidosis. Why is it
important to educate patients about these?
Correct Answer: Hypoglycemia: shakiness, sweating, confusion, palpitations.
Hyperglycemia: thirst, frequent urination, fatigue. Ketoacidosis: nausea,
vomiting, fruity breath, rapid breathing. Education prevents acute
complications and promotes early recognition.
• What is the mechanism of action of the gliptins (DPP-4 inhibitors)? -✓✓Block
DPP-4 enzyme, increasing incretin hormones, enhancing glucose-dependent
insulin release, and decreasing glucagon secretion.
Question 10.
What is the mechanism of action of GLP-1 agonists?
Correct Answer: Mimic GLP-1 hormone to increase insulin secretion, decrease
glucagon, slow gastric emptying, and promote satiety.
Question 11.
What is the mechanism of action of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?
Correct Answer: Inhibit intestinal enzymes that digest complex carbohydrates,
slowing glucose absorption and reducing postprandial hyperglycemia.
Question 12.
What are the adverse effects of propylthiouracil and methimazole?
Correct Answer: Rash, joint pain, nausea, liver toxicity (PTU), agranulocytosis;
patients should report fever, sore throat, jaundice, unusual bleeding.
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Question 1.
What lab values should be monitored with gout and why?
Correct Answer: Uric acid, kidney function (creatinine/BUN), liver enzymes,
and CBC to guide therapy and monitor for adverse effects.
Question 2.
What patient education should you provide when prescribing colchicine?
Correct Answer: Take exactly as prescribed, avoid high doses, report GI
symptoms or unusual bleeding, monitor for muscle weakness, avoid grapefruit
juice, notify provider of other medications.
Question 3.
What are the adverse effects of corticosteroids if administered for six months or more?
Correct Answer: Long-term use can cause osteoporosis, hyperglycemia,
weight gain, hypertension, cataracts, adrenal suppression, and increased
infection risk; patients need to maintain bone health, monitor blood sugar,
and avoid sudden discontinuation.
Question 4.
Why is it important to taper the corticosteroid?
Correct Answer: Tapering prevents adrenal insufficiency because the body's
adrenal glands may not produce enough cortisol after long-term steroid use.
Question 5.
What are the black box warnings on NSAIDs?
Correct Answer: Risk of serious cardiovascular thrombotic events, myocardial
infarction, stroke, and serious GI bleeding, ulceration, and perforation.
Question 6.
What are the recommendations in the treatment of pain?
Correct Answer: Use lowest effective dose for shortest duration, start with
non-opioids (acetaminophen, NSAIDs), assess functional improvement,
consider non-pharmacologic therapies.
, Question 7.
What is the mechanism of action of ibuprofen?
Correct Answer: Inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, reducing prostaglandin
synthesis to decrease inflammation, pain, and fever.
Question 8.
What are the serious side effects associated with acetaminophen?
Correct Answer: Liver toxicity in high doses; patients should not exceed 3-4
g/day and avoid alcohol; early signs include nausea, vomiting, sweating,
malaise.
Question 9.
Identify the symptoms of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and ketoacidosis. Why is it
important to educate patients about these?
Correct Answer: Hypoglycemia: shakiness, sweating, confusion, palpitations.
Hyperglycemia: thirst, frequent urination, fatigue. Ketoacidosis: nausea,
vomiting, fruity breath, rapid breathing. Education prevents acute
complications and promotes early recognition.
• What is the mechanism of action of the gliptins (DPP-4 inhibitors)? -✓✓Block
DPP-4 enzyme, increasing incretin hormones, enhancing glucose-dependent
insulin release, and decreasing glucagon secretion.
Question 10.
What is the mechanism of action of GLP-1 agonists?
Correct Answer: Mimic GLP-1 hormone to increase insulin secretion, decrease
glucagon, slow gastric emptying, and promote satiety.
Question 11.
What is the mechanism of action of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?
Correct Answer: Inhibit intestinal enzymes that digest complex carbohydrates,
slowing glucose absorption and reducing postprandial hyperglycemia.
Question 12.
What are the adverse effects of propylthiouracil and methimazole?
Correct Answer: Rash, joint pain, nausea, liver toxicity (PTU), agranulocytosis;
patients should report fever, sore throat, jaundice, unusual bleeding.
