NURS 611 Pathophysiology 2027 Exam 4 Latest Questions and
Answers - Professional Verified Study Guide
Question 1.
What causes the umbilical referred pain with kidney stones?
Correct Answer: sensory innervation of the upper part of the ureter arising
from the 10th thoracic nerve root.
Question 2.
What are the clinical manifestations of a UTI in older adults?
Correct Answer: confusion and poorly localized abdominal discomfort
(symptoms are vague).
Question 3.
What is pyelonephritis?
Correct Answer: it is an infection of one or both upper urinary tracts(ureter,
renal pelvis, and kidney interstitium).
Question 4.
What are the underlying risk factors for the development of pyelonephritis?
Correct Answer: urinary obstruction and reflux of urine from the bladder
(vesicoureteral reflux).
Question 5.
What microorganisms are associated with acute pyelonephritis?
Correct Answer: e. coli, proteus, or pseudomonas.
Question 6.
What do the microorganisms that cause pyelonephritis do to increase the risk of stone
formation?
Correct Answer: the microorganisms split urea into ammonia, making alkaline
urine that increases the risk.
Question 7.
Define painful bladder syndrome (interstitial cystitis).
Correct Answer: it is a condition that includes nonbacterial infectious cystitis
and noninfectious cystitis.
, Question 8.
It is possible that noninfectious cystitis is caused by an autoimmune response. What
happens during an autoimmune reaction?
Correct Answer: it may be responsible for inflammatory response, which
includes mast cell activation, altered epithelial permeability,
neuroinflammation, and increased sensory nerve stimulation.
Question 9.
How is a diagnosis of IC differentiated from a diagnosis of pyelonephritis?
Correct Answer: urine culture, urinalysis, and clinical signs and symptoms.
White blood cell casts indicate pyelonephritis, but they are not always present
in the urine.
Question 10.
What lab values point to a reduced GFR?
Correct Answer: elevated plasma urea, creatinine concentration, or reduced
renal creatinine clearance.
Question 11.
What is acute glomerulonephritis?
Correct Answer: it is a term that includes renal diseases that cause glomerular
inflammation through immune mechanisms.
Question 12.
What happens to the GFR during an inflammatory response?
Correct Answer: the glomerular capillary filtration membrane including the
endothelium, basement membrane, and epithelium (podocytes) are damaged
by inflammation causing immune mechanisms.
Question 13.
What are the classic symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis?
Correct Answer: sudden onset of hematuria including red blood cell casts and
proteinuria (milder than nephrotic syndrome), and in more severe cases,
these symptoms are also accompanied by edema, hypertension, and impaired
renal function.
Question 14.
What is nephrotic syndrome?
Answers - Professional Verified Study Guide
Question 1.
What causes the umbilical referred pain with kidney stones?
Correct Answer: sensory innervation of the upper part of the ureter arising
from the 10th thoracic nerve root.
Question 2.
What are the clinical manifestations of a UTI in older adults?
Correct Answer: confusion and poorly localized abdominal discomfort
(symptoms are vague).
Question 3.
What is pyelonephritis?
Correct Answer: it is an infection of one or both upper urinary tracts(ureter,
renal pelvis, and kidney interstitium).
Question 4.
What are the underlying risk factors for the development of pyelonephritis?
Correct Answer: urinary obstruction and reflux of urine from the bladder
(vesicoureteral reflux).
Question 5.
What microorganisms are associated with acute pyelonephritis?
Correct Answer: e. coli, proteus, or pseudomonas.
Question 6.
What do the microorganisms that cause pyelonephritis do to increase the risk of stone
formation?
Correct Answer: the microorganisms split urea into ammonia, making alkaline
urine that increases the risk.
Question 7.
Define painful bladder syndrome (interstitial cystitis).
Correct Answer: it is a condition that includes nonbacterial infectious cystitis
and noninfectious cystitis.
, Question 8.
It is possible that noninfectious cystitis is caused by an autoimmune response. What
happens during an autoimmune reaction?
Correct Answer: it may be responsible for inflammatory response, which
includes mast cell activation, altered epithelial permeability,
neuroinflammation, and increased sensory nerve stimulation.
Question 9.
How is a diagnosis of IC differentiated from a diagnosis of pyelonephritis?
Correct Answer: urine culture, urinalysis, and clinical signs and symptoms.
White blood cell casts indicate pyelonephritis, but they are not always present
in the urine.
Question 10.
What lab values point to a reduced GFR?
Correct Answer: elevated plasma urea, creatinine concentration, or reduced
renal creatinine clearance.
Question 11.
What is acute glomerulonephritis?
Correct Answer: it is a term that includes renal diseases that cause glomerular
inflammation through immune mechanisms.
Question 12.
What happens to the GFR during an inflammatory response?
Correct Answer: the glomerular capillary filtration membrane including the
endothelium, basement membrane, and epithelium (podocytes) are damaged
by inflammation causing immune mechanisms.
Question 13.
What are the classic symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis?
Correct Answer: sudden onset of hematuria including red blood cell casts and
proteinuria (milder than nephrotic syndrome), and in more severe cases,
these symptoms are also accompanied by edema, hypertension, and impaired
renal function.
Question 14.
What is nephrotic syndrome?
