NURS 611 Patho Exam 2 Real
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Question 1.
SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone) Causes S/S Treatment
Correct Answer: *Over secretion of ADH, Kidneys retain water causing
hypervolemia (dilute sodium- hyponatremia)
CAUSES- cancers, lung cancer, duodenum, etc Infection in lungs or CNS ->
pneumonia, meningitis, AVP gene mutation, any surgerys medication-
Chlopropamide (oral antidiabetic)
S/S- THIRSTY, DEC urine (very concentrated) , anoerxia, (not
hungry/uncomfortable) fluid overload, dyspnea fatigue vomiting,
hyponatremia, confusion, seizures
Treatment - Treat hyponatremia
Question 2.
Diabetes Insuipidus (DI) Patho Causes S/S Treatment
Correct Answer: *DECREASED secretion of ADH, diluted and excessive urine
output, (concentrated -> Hypernatremia, INC plasma osmalality),
CAUSES- ** Nephrogenic - problems with the kidneys- Genetic (Vasopressin &
Aquaphorin genes), diseases- amyloidosis & pylenephritis Drug- lithium
carbonate (can damage kidney tubules) ** Neurogenic - lesions or trauma to
hypothalamus, posterior pituitary, TBI complications Pregnancy- body
produces vasopressinase which causes ADH to break down (decrease)
S/S- polydispisa (extreme thirst), Inc Urine output (Polyuria) diluted,
hypotension,
Treatment- If tolerable, Drink alot of water to correct the problem
Question 3.
Antidiuretic Hormone Where is it produced? Where is it stored/secreted? Normal
function
Correct Answer: Produced by the hypothalamus secreted and stored by the
posterior pituitary regulates the amount of water in the body (can also
constrict blood vessels and also called vasopressin)
Question 4.
Hypopituitarism
Correct Answer: (Disease of the anterior pituitary) Cause- ischemia/infarction,
edema, adenoma, aneyursm of the pituitary - pituitary enlarges due to edema
which causes more damage (pituitary is in an enclosed space) - > Tiusse
damage, decreased blood supply, fibrosis
Dec in all pituitary hormones- (Panhypopituitarism) ACTH -
,Adrenocorticotropic TSH- thyroid stimulating hormone FSH & LH follicle
stimulating & Lutenizing GH- Growth hormone
Question 5.
Oxytocin Toxicity / Oxytocin Insufficiency
Correct Answer: Disease of posterior pituitary Hyper secretion- Toxicity Hypo
secretion- Insufficiency
Question 6.
ACTH Deficiency (Hypopituitarism) Adrenocorticotropic deficiency
Correct Answer: N/V, weakness, lack of energy HYPOGLYCEMIA, hypocortisol,
low urine due to hypocortisol insulin sensitivity is increased due to less
glycogen stores/ less glucogensis Can be life threatening
Low aldosterone (RAAS can help) Low urine output
Question 7.
TSH Deficiency (hypopituitarism) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Deficiency
Correct Answer: Same as hypothyroidism Cold intolerance, Myxedema (wax
appearance of swelled skin), Slowed metabolic rate (inc weight gain?),
contipation, dry skin, fatigue
Question 8.
FSH & LH deficiency (Hypopituitarism) Follicle Stimulating & Luteinizing deficiency
Correct Answer: Hair loss, Low libido, Amenorrhea (absence of menstruation)
Impotence in men (inability to achieve erection) Atrophy of sex hormones
(Atrophy-degenerte) dry, thinning of vaginal tissue
• GH Genetic deficiency in kids (GENES) -✓✓GH, GHRH, IGF 1
Question 9.
GH insufficiency (Hypopituitarism) Growth Hormone insufficiency
Correct Answer: Growth failure, Fasting hypoglycemia INC body fat, DEC
muscle mass, osteoporosis, dry skin, decreased swelling,
Dyslipidemia/atherosclerosis - early mortality
Question 10.
hyperpituitarism (Anterior pituitary)
Correct Answer: Causes- Usually by a pituitary adenoma (benign tumor) or
hyperplasia - overgrowth of tissue some genetic cases OVERSECRETION of
anterior pituitary hormones- ACTH GH FS & LH TSH
, Question 11.
Impingement of adenoma on anterior pituitary gland (hyperpituitarism) What does it
cause?
Correct Answer: Adenoma in the enclosed space pushes on other structures
Such as - OPTIC CHIASMA - cause vision problems Caveral Sinus Nerves - Sinus
problems?
Question 12.
Growth Hormone (GH) Hypersecretion (Hyperpituitarism)
Correct Answer: excessive levels of GH & IGF1 Usually occurs SLOWLY and can
be lethal cuasing heart disease, HTN, CAD, diabetes, and cancer
-Hyperglycemia - inc glycogenesis (glycogen formed from sugar) Adipose
tissue inflammation-Adipogensis(fat deposits) HTN- cardiomyapthy,
arrythmias Inc phosphate absorption
Enlarged tongue, deformities from excessive growth, excessive sweat/body
odor
Question 13.
Hyper secretion of Growth Hormone in Children
Correct Answer: Excessive growth If Epiphyseal plates are still open it can
cause GIGANTISM
*Epiphyseal plates open during growth spirts and usually close after puberty?
Question 14.
Hyperprolactinemia (Hyperpituitarism)
Correct Answer: caused by adenoma of anterior pituitary
Other causes- tricyclic antidepressants, renal failure, PCOS, breast
stimulation, blood draws S/S- hypogonadism, amenorrhea, hirsutism
(excessive hair growth),
Question 15.
Hyperthyroidism
Correct Answer: Primary- involving thyroid- adenoma, graves disease,
multinodular goiter Secondary- Anterior pituitsry overexcretion of TSH
INC metabolic rate (weight loss), tachycardia, sweating, heat intolerance,
diarrhea, insomnia, myxedema
Question 16.
Nodular Thyroid Disease - Causes
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Question 1.
SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone) Causes S/S Treatment
Correct Answer: *Over secretion of ADH, Kidneys retain water causing
hypervolemia (dilute sodium- hyponatremia)
CAUSES- cancers, lung cancer, duodenum, etc Infection in lungs or CNS ->
pneumonia, meningitis, AVP gene mutation, any surgerys medication-
Chlopropamide (oral antidiabetic)
S/S- THIRSTY, DEC urine (very concentrated) , anoerxia, (not
hungry/uncomfortable) fluid overload, dyspnea fatigue vomiting,
hyponatremia, confusion, seizures
Treatment - Treat hyponatremia
Question 2.
Diabetes Insuipidus (DI) Patho Causes S/S Treatment
Correct Answer: *DECREASED secretion of ADH, diluted and excessive urine
output, (concentrated -> Hypernatremia, INC plasma osmalality),
CAUSES- ** Nephrogenic - problems with the kidneys- Genetic (Vasopressin &
Aquaphorin genes), diseases- amyloidosis & pylenephritis Drug- lithium
carbonate (can damage kidney tubules) ** Neurogenic - lesions or trauma to
hypothalamus, posterior pituitary, TBI complications Pregnancy- body
produces vasopressinase which causes ADH to break down (decrease)
S/S- polydispisa (extreme thirst), Inc Urine output (Polyuria) diluted,
hypotension,
Treatment- If tolerable, Drink alot of water to correct the problem
Question 3.
Antidiuretic Hormone Where is it produced? Where is it stored/secreted? Normal
function
Correct Answer: Produced by the hypothalamus secreted and stored by the
posterior pituitary regulates the amount of water in the body (can also
constrict blood vessels and also called vasopressin)
Question 4.
Hypopituitarism
Correct Answer: (Disease of the anterior pituitary) Cause- ischemia/infarction,
edema, adenoma, aneyursm of the pituitary - pituitary enlarges due to edema
which causes more damage (pituitary is in an enclosed space) - > Tiusse
damage, decreased blood supply, fibrosis
Dec in all pituitary hormones- (Panhypopituitarism) ACTH -
,Adrenocorticotropic TSH- thyroid stimulating hormone FSH & LH follicle
stimulating & Lutenizing GH- Growth hormone
Question 5.
Oxytocin Toxicity / Oxytocin Insufficiency
Correct Answer: Disease of posterior pituitary Hyper secretion- Toxicity Hypo
secretion- Insufficiency
Question 6.
ACTH Deficiency (Hypopituitarism) Adrenocorticotropic deficiency
Correct Answer: N/V, weakness, lack of energy HYPOGLYCEMIA, hypocortisol,
low urine due to hypocortisol insulin sensitivity is increased due to less
glycogen stores/ less glucogensis Can be life threatening
Low aldosterone (RAAS can help) Low urine output
Question 7.
TSH Deficiency (hypopituitarism) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Deficiency
Correct Answer: Same as hypothyroidism Cold intolerance, Myxedema (wax
appearance of swelled skin), Slowed metabolic rate (inc weight gain?),
contipation, dry skin, fatigue
Question 8.
FSH & LH deficiency (Hypopituitarism) Follicle Stimulating & Luteinizing deficiency
Correct Answer: Hair loss, Low libido, Amenorrhea (absence of menstruation)
Impotence in men (inability to achieve erection) Atrophy of sex hormones
(Atrophy-degenerte) dry, thinning of vaginal tissue
• GH Genetic deficiency in kids (GENES) -✓✓GH, GHRH, IGF 1
Question 9.
GH insufficiency (Hypopituitarism) Growth Hormone insufficiency
Correct Answer: Growth failure, Fasting hypoglycemia INC body fat, DEC
muscle mass, osteoporosis, dry skin, decreased swelling,
Dyslipidemia/atherosclerosis - early mortality
Question 10.
hyperpituitarism (Anterior pituitary)
Correct Answer: Causes- Usually by a pituitary adenoma (benign tumor) or
hyperplasia - overgrowth of tissue some genetic cases OVERSECRETION of
anterior pituitary hormones- ACTH GH FS & LH TSH
, Question 11.
Impingement of adenoma on anterior pituitary gland (hyperpituitarism) What does it
cause?
Correct Answer: Adenoma in the enclosed space pushes on other structures
Such as - OPTIC CHIASMA - cause vision problems Caveral Sinus Nerves - Sinus
problems?
Question 12.
Growth Hormone (GH) Hypersecretion (Hyperpituitarism)
Correct Answer: excessive levels of GH & IGF1 Usually occurs SLOWLY and can
be lethal cuasing heart disease, HTN, CAD, diabetes, and cancer
-Hyperglycemia - inc glycogenesis (glycogen formed from sugar) Adipose
tissue inflammation-Adipogensis(fat deposits) HTN- cardiomyapthy,
arrythmias Inc phosphate absorption
Enlarged tongue, deformities from excessive growth, excessive sweat/body
odor
Question 13.
Hyper secretion of Growth Hormone in Children
Correct Answer: Excessive growth If Epiphyseal plates are still open it can
cause GIGANTISM
*Epiphyseal plates open during growth spirts and usually close after puberty?
Question 14.
Hyperprolactinemia (Hyperpituitarism)
Correct Answer: caused by adenoma of anterior pituitary
Other causes- tricyclic antidepressants, renal failure, PCOS, breast
stimulation, blood draws S/S- hypogonadism, amenorrhea, hirsutism
(excessive hair growth),
Question 15.
Hyperthyroidism
Correct Answer: Primary- involving thyroid- adenoma, graves disease,
multinodular goiter Secondary- Anterior pituitsry overexcretion of TSH
INC metabolic rate (weight loss), tachycardia, sweating, heat intolerance,
diarrhea, insomnia, myxedema
Question 16.
Nodular Thyroid Disease - Causes
