NURS 611 Patho 2027 Exam 2 Newest Questions and Answers
Question 1.
Neurogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Correct Answer: Swelling commonly seen after traumatic brain injury (TBI) can
lead to dangerous increases in intracranial pressure. This increase can push
on the pituitary leading to decreased ADH secretion = polyuria.
Question 2.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Correct Answer: Mediated by acetylcholine; controls rest and digest;
conserves energy and the body's resources; controls everyday metabolism
Question 3.
Sympathetic Nervous System
Correct Answer: Mediated by catecholamines (epi and norepi); prepares the
body for fight or flight; mobilizes energy stores --> releases insulin;
redistributes blood flow - increased to muscles, decreased to
GI/integumentary
Question 4.
Focal brain injury
Correct Answer: Specific lesions that are observable on imaging; epidural or
subdural hemorrhage
Question 5.
Diffuse brain injury
Correct Answer: Injuries involving widespread areas of the brain; may be
difficult to detect and define because damage is often microscopic; hypoxia is
the number 1 cause; other causes include meningitis or encephalitis
Question 6.
Autonomic Dysreflexia (below the lesion)
Correct Answer: Faulty control of sweating because the hypothalmus is unable
to regulate body heat due to SNS damage; pale, cool skin
Question 7.
Autonomic Dysreflexia (general)
, Correct Answer: A complication occurring in a person who has a spinal cord
injury above T6
Question 8.
Autonomic Dysreflexia (above the lesion)
Correct Answer: Paroxysmal hypertension (up to 300 mmHg systolic),
piloerection, and sweating with flushing of the skin; headache, bradycardia
Question 9.
Delirium
Correct Answer: Acute onset, short duration; often associated with UTI,
resolves with treatment; attention and orientation are impaired; patient can
be agitated, disorganized, and have hallucinations
Question 10.
Dementia
Correct Answer: Usually insidious with chronic slow decline; attention and
orientation are often intact early in the progression; no overt behavioral signs
early
Question 11.
Alzheimer Disease
Correct Answer: Leading cause of dementia; greatest risk factors are age and
family history; specific diagnosis is made by postmortem examination
• Stroke (incidence) -✓✓Two times higher in blacks than whites; tends to run
in families; most common are ischemic
Question 12.
Stroke (Risk Factors)
Correct Answer: Hypertension, Insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, High
total cholesterol or low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level,
elevated lipoprotein-A level, Heart disease and peripheral vascular disease,
Polycythemia and thrombocythemia, Atrial fibrillation, Postmenopausal
hormone therapy, High sodium intake, >2300 mg; low potassium intake,
<4700 mg, Smoking, Physical inactivity, Obesity BMI >30, Chronic sleep
deprivation
Question 13.
Right-sided homonymous hemianopsia
Question 1.
Neurogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Correct Answer: Swelling commonly seen after traumatic brain injury (TBI) can
lead to dangerous increases in intracranial pressure. This increase can push
on the pituitary leading to decreased ADH secretion = polyuria.
Question 2.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Correct Answer: Mediated by acetylcholine; controls rest and digest;
conserves energy and the body's resources; controls everyday metabolism
Question 3.
Sympathetic Nervous System
Correct Answer: Mediated by catecholamines (epi and norepi); prepares the
body for fight or flight; mobilizes energy stores --> releases insulin;
redistributes blood flow - increased to muscles, decreased to
GI/integumentary
Question 4.
Focal brain injury
Correct Answer: Specific lesions that are observable on imaging; epidural or
subdural hemorrhage
Question 5.
Diffuse brain injury
Correct Answer: Injuries involving widespread areas of the brain; may be
difficult to detect and define because damage is often microscopic; hypoxia is
the number 1 cause; other causes include meningitis or encephalitis
Question 6.
Autonomic Dysreflexia (below the lesion)
Correct Answer: Faulty control of sweating because the hypothalmus is unable
to regulate body heat due to SNS damage; pale, cool skin
Question 7.
Autonomic Dysreflexia (general)
, Correct Answer: A complication occurring in a person who has a spinal cord
injury above T6
Question 8.
Autonomic Dysreflexia (above the lesion)
Correct Answer: Paroxysmal hypertension (up to 300 mmHg systolic),
piloerection, and sweating with flushing of the skin; headache, bradycardia
Question 9.
Delirium
Correct Answer: Acute onset, short duration; often associated with UTI,
resolves with treatment; attention and orientation are impaired; patient can
be agitated, disorganized, and have hallucinations
Question 10.
Dementia
Correct Answer: Usually insidious with chronic slow decline; attention and
orientation are often intact early in the progression; no overt behavioral signs
early
Question 11.
Alzheimer Disease
Correct Answer: Leading cause of dementia; greatest risk factors are age and
family history; specific diagnosis is made by postmortem examination
• Stroke (incidence) -✓✓Two times higher in blacks than whites; tends to run
in families; most common are ischemic
Question 12.
Stroke (Risk Factors)
Correct Answer: Hypertension, Insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, High
total cholesterol or low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level,
elevated lipoprotein-A level, Heart disease and peripheral vascular disease,
Polycythemia and thrombocythemia, Atrial fibrillation, Postmenopausal
hormone therapy, High sodium intake, >2300 mg; low potassium intake,
<4700 mg, Smoking, Physical inactivity, Obesity BMI >30, Chronic sleep
deprivation
Question 13.
Right-sided homonymous hemianopsia
