NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO Latest
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Question 1.
Apoptosis
Correct Answer: A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed.
Cellular self- destruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations
Question 2.
Necrosis
Correct Answer: Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle
swelling, mitochondria dysfunction
Question 3.
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the kidney and
heart)
Correct Answer: hypoxia
Question 4.
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia?
Correct Answer: ischemia
Question 5.
Main component of a cell
Correct Answer: nucleus
Question 6.
What does the nucleus contain?
Correct Answer: nucleolus
Question 7.
What is the nucleolus composed of?
Correct Answer: RNA, most of cellular DNA, DNA binding proteins, and
histones
Question 8.
Why are histone important?
,Correct Answer: histones bind to DNA and fold it into chromosomes
(chromatin) which is essential for cell division
Question 9.
What are ribosomes?
Correct Answer: RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized
in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear
envelope called nuclear pore complexes (NPCs)
Question 10.
Where can ribosomes be found?
Correct Answer: cytoplasm and rough ER
Question 11.
what are ribosomes chief function?
Correct Answer: provides sits for cellular protein synthesis
Question 12.
What is the Golgi apparatus (complex)?
Correct Answer: a network of flatten, smooth membranes and vesicles
frequently located near the nucleus of the cell
Question 13.
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Correct Answer: takes proteins from the ER and processes/packages them into
small membrane-bound vesicles called "secretory vesicles, and refines and
directs traffic in the cell
• What are lysosomes and what do they do? -✓✓maintain cellular health by
removal of toxic cellular components, removal of useless organelles,
termination of signal transduction, and signals cellular adaption
Question 14.
How does aging affect lysosomes?
Correct Answer: leads to progressive loss of lysosomal efficiency which
declines the regenerative capacity of organs and tissue
Question 15.
What functions do lysosomal components integrate?
, Correct Answer: nutrient abundance, energy levels, and cell stressors and will
translate them into instructions that regulate cellular metabolism toward
either proliferation or inactivity
Question 16.
What is mitochondria responsible for?
Correct Answer: cellular respiration, cellular metabolism , and energy
production
Question 17.
What does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain?
Correct Answer: enzymes of the respiratory chain and are essential to the
process of oxidative phosphorylation that generates most of the cell's ATP
Question 18.
The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways (1), involve what two things
(2), and metabolizes what three things (3)?
Correct Answer: 1- metabolic 2- urea and heme synthesis 3- carbs, proteins,
and lipids
Question 19.
What can accumulate intracellularly caused by stresses form metabolic dearangements?
Correct Answer: carbs, proteins, and lipids
Question 20.
What is physiologic atrophy?
Correct Answer: occurs in early development. ex: thymus glad during
childhood
Question 21.
What is pathologic atrophy?
Correct Answer: occurs as a result of decreases in workload, use, pressure,
blood supply, nutrition, and hormonal stimulation. Ex: Shrinking of gonads in
an adolescent pt in response to decreased hormonal stimulation. and an pt
immobilized in bed for a prolonged time
Question 22.
what is hypertrophy?
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Question 1.
Apoptosis
Correct Answer: A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed.
Cellular self- destruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations
Question 2.
Necrosis
Correct Answer: Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle
swelling, mitochondria dysfunction
Question 3.
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the kidney and
heart)
Correct Answer: hypoxia
Question 4.
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia?
Correct Answer: ischemia
Question 5.
Main component of a cell
Correct Answer: nucleus
Question 6.
What does the nucleus contain?
Correct Answer: nucleolus
Question 7.
What is the nucleolus composed of?
Correct Answer: RNA, most of cellular DNA, DNA binding proteins, and
histones
Question 8.
Why are histone important?
,Correct Answer: histones bind to DNA and fold it into chromosomes
(chromatin) which is essential for cell division
Question 9.
What are ribosomes?
Correct Answer: RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized
in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear
envelope called nuclear pore complexes (NPCs)
Question 10.
Where can ribosomes be found?
Correct Answer: cytoplasm and rough ER
Question 11.
what are ribosomes chief function?
Correct Answer: provides sits for cellular protein synthesis
Question 12.
What is the Golgi apparatus (complex)?
Correct Answer: a network of flatten, smooth membranes and vesicles
frequently located near the nucleus of the cell
Question 13.
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Correct Answer: takes proteins from the ER and processes/packages them into
small membrane-bound vesicles called "secretory vesicles, and refines and
directs traffic in the cell
• What are lysosomes and what do they do? -✓✓maintain cellular health by
removal of toxic cellular components, removal of useless organelles,
termination of signal transduction, and signals cellular adaption
Question 14.
How does aging affect lysosomes?
Correct Answer: leads to progressive loss of lysosomal efficiency which
declines the regenerative capacity of organs and tissue
Question 15.
What functions do lysosomal components integrate?
, Correct Answer: nutrient abundance, energy levels, and cell stressors and will
translate them into instructions that regulate cellular metabolism toward
either proliferation or inactivity
Question 16.
What is mitochondria responsible for?
Correct Answer: cellular respiration, cellular metabolism , and energy
production
Question 17.
What does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain?
Correct Answer: enzymes of the respiratory chain and are essential to the
process of oxidative phosphorylation that generates most of the cell's ATP
Question 18.
The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways (1), involve what two things
(2), and metabolizes what three things (3)?
Correct Answer: 1- metabolic 2- urea and heme synthesis 3- carbs, proteins,
and lipids
Question 19.
What can accumulate intracellularly caused by stresses form metabolic dearangements?
Correct Answer: carbs, proteins, and lipids
Question 20.
What is physiologic atrophy?
Correct Answer: occurs in early development. ex: thymus glad during
childhood
Question 21.
What is pathologic atrophy?
Correct Answer: occurs as a result of decreases in workload, use, pressure,
blood supply, nutrition, and hormonal stimulation. Ex: Shrinking of gonads in
an adolescent pt in response to decreased hormonal stimulation. and an pt
immobilized in bed for a prolonged time
Question 22.
what is hypertrophy?
