Balanced Body Reformer Test Out Practice Exam - Verified Questions with Correct Answers - Pilates Anatomy,
Reformer 3 Programming, Sling Systems & Postural Alignment - Version 1
Balanced Body | Reformer Test Out | Pilates Anatomy | Reformer 3 Programming | Sling Systems & Postural Alignment |
Version 1 | High Yield
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. I. Pilates Anatomy - Powerhouse Components Transversus Abdominis Multifidus Pelvic Floor Diaphragm Obliques, TA Anticipatory
Contraction, Lateral Thoracic Breathing Inhale Ribs Lateral Posterior Exhale TA
2. II. Postural Alignment - Neutral Pelvis ASIS Pubic Symphysis Same Plane, Plumb Line Ear Over Acromion Greater Trochanter Anterior
Knee Lateral Malleolus, Ideal Alignment
3. III. Postural Syndromes - Upper Crossed Syndrome Tight Pecs Upper Traps Levator Weak Deep Neck Flexors Rhomboids Lower Traps
Forward Head Kyphosis, Lower Crossed Syndrome Tight Hip Flexors Erector Spinae Weak Glutes TA Anterior Pelvic Tilt Lordosis
4. IV. Sling Systems - Anterior Oblique Sling External Oblique Contralateral Adductors Internal Oblique Rotational Stability, Posterior Oblique
Sling Latissimus Contralateral Glute Max TL Fascia SI Joint Stability Pulling Straps
5. V. Sling Systems - Deep Longitudinal System Multifidus Erector Spinae TL Fascia Sacrotuberous Biceps Femoris Extension Stability,
Lateral Sling Glute Med Min Contralateral Adductors QL Frontal Plane Side Splits
6. VI. Reformer 3 Programming - Beginner Intermediate Advanced Progressions, Spring Selection Light Medium Heavy, Footwork Foot Bar
High Low, Safety Osteoporosis Avoid Flexion, Diastasis Avoid Loaded Flexion Coning
7. VII. Reformer 3 Exercises - Footwork, Long Stretch Series Scapular Stability Serratus Anterior Lower Traps, Short Spine Articulation
Hamstring Flexibility, Knee Stretches Round Shape TA Glutes Hamstrings, Elephant Hip Hinge
8. VIII. Reformer 3 Exercises - Short Box Series Intermediate Advanced Spinal Articulation Core Control Contraindicated Osteoporosis Disc
Herniation, Seated Arm Work Scapular Retraction Depression
9. IX. Corrective Cues and Modifications - Anterior Pelvic Tilt Tight Hip Flexors Weak Glutes TA Cue Posterior Pelvic Tilt, Lumbar Extension
Compensation Cue Hip Hinge Neutral Spine, Reduce Springs Knees Down
10. X. Safety and Test Out Criteria - When to Stop Pain Dizziness Loss Neutral Compensation, Evaluator Looks Anatomy Cueing Alignment
Spring Selection Safety Programming Modifications Sling Integration Communication Flow
11. XI. Practice Questions - High Yield - Each Question Asked Like Real Balanced Body Reformer Test Out
12. XII. Answer Key with Detailed Rationales and Pilates Principles
,BALANCED BODY REFORMER TEST OUT - HIGH YIELD PRACTICE QUESTIONS - EACH QUESTION ASKED LIKE REAL
EXAM
Based on Balanced Body Reformer 3 Programming, Pilates Anatomy, Sling Systems, Postural Alignment Principles. High Yield.
1. Balanced Body Reformer Test Out - What are essential components evaluator looks for?
A. Only counting reps
B. Only springs
C. Anatomy cueing, postural alignment, spring selection, safety, programming Reformer 3 modifications, sling systems integration, client
communication, flow
D. Only anatomy
Answer: C
Rationale: Test Out evaluator looks for anatomy cueing, alignment, springs, safety, Reformer 3 programming modifications, sling systems,
communication flow.
2. Reformer safety: When to stop exercise?
A. Never stop
B. Pain, dizziness, loss of neutral, compensatory patterns, spring detachment, client cannot maintain form, sharp joint pain
C. Continue through pain
D. Only when client says
Answer: B
Rationale: Stop if pain dizziness loss neutral compensation spring issue sharp pain.
3. During Knee Stretches on Reformer, client compensates with lumbar extension. What is correction?
A. Cue TA engagement, neutral spine, hip hinge, reduce springs, check round shape - avoid lumbar extension, focus on glutes hamstrings
B. No correction
C. More extension
D. Increase springs
Answer: A
Rationale: Knee Stretches compensation lumbar extension - cue TA neutral spine hip hinge glutes hamstrings reduce springs round shape.
4. During Short Spine Massage, the client cannot articulate through spine. What is the likely restriction and correction?
A. Tight hamstrings and limited spinal articulation, weak TA - cue sequential articulation, modify with bent knees, check tailbone, use lighter springs
B. Weak biceps
C. Tight shoulders
D. No restriction
Answer: A
Rationale: Short Spine requires hamstring flexibility and spinal articulation. Tight hamstrings limit. Weak TA. Cue sequential, bent knees modification,
lighter springs.
5. Reformer safety: When to stop exercise?
A. Continue through pain
B. Only when client says
C. Never stop
D. Pain, dizziness, loss of neutral, compensatory patterns, spring detachment, client cannot maintain form, sharp joint pain
Answer: D
Rationale: Stop if pain dizziness loss neutral compensation spring issue sharp pain.
6. During Reformer 3 Programming, a client cannot maintain scapular stability during Long Stretch Series. Which muscles are weak and what
is the modification?
A. Weak serratus anterior and lower trapezius, tight pec major/minor - cue scapular protraction, modify to knees down or reduce springs, check
alignment
B. No weakness
C. Weak biceps
D. Tight glutes
Answer: A
Rationale: Long Stretch requires serratus anterior, lower trapezius stability. Weakness causes winging. Tight pecs. Cue protraction, modify knees down,
reduce spring load.
7. During Short Spine Massage, the client cannot articulate through spine. What is the likely restriction and correction?
A. Weak biceps
B. Tight shoulders
C. Tight hamstrings and limited spinal articulation, weak TA - cue sequential articulation, modify with bent knees, check tailbone, use lighter springs
D. No restriction
Answer: C
Rationale: Short Spine requires hamstring flexibility and spinal articulation. Tight hamstrings limit. Weak TA. Cue sequential, bent knees modification,
lighter springs.
8. During Short Spine Massage, the client cannot articulate through spine. What is the likely restriction and correction?
A. Weak biceps
, B. No restriction
C. Tight shoulders
D. Tight hamstrings and limited spinal articulation, weak TA - cue sequential articulation, modify with bent knees, check tailbone, use lighter springs
Answer: D
Rationale: Short Spine requires hamstring flexibility and spinal articulation. Tight hamstrings limit. Weak TA. Cue sequential, bent knees modification,
lighter springs.
9. Reformer 3 Programming: How to program for client with diastasis recti?
A. Only extension
B. No modification
C. Avoid loaded spinal flexion, focus TA activation, breath, neutral spine, light springs, avoid short box flexion, check coning
D. Heavy flexion
Answer: C
Rationale: Diastasis avoid loaded flexion coning, focus TA breath neutral spine light springs.
10. Postural assessment: What is ideal plumb line alignment side view?
A. Ear lobe over acromion over greater trochanter slightly anterior to knee over lateral malleolus - check ear shoulder hip knee ankle
B. No line
C. Forward head
D. Behind ear
Answer: C
Rationale: Plumb line side view ear over acromion over greater trochanter anterior knee lateral malleolus.
11. Pilates Anatomy: What is powerhouse and its components?
A. Only arms
B. Only rectus abdominis
C. Transversus abdominis, multifidus, pelvic floor, diaphragm, internal/external obliques - box from ribs to pelvis - core control center
D. Only glutes
Answer: C
Rationale: Powerhouse TA multifidus pelvic floor diaphragm obliques - ribs to pelvis box.
12. During Reformer 3 Programming, a client cannot maintain scapular stability during Long Stretch Series. Which muscles are weak and what
is the modification?
A. No weakness
B. Weak serratus anterior and lower trapezius, tight pec major/minor - cue scapular protraction, modify to knees down or reduce springs, check
alignment
C. Weak biceps
D. Tight glutes
Answer: B
Rationale: Long Stretch requires serratus anterior, lower trapezius stability. Weakness causes winging. Tight pecs. Cue protraction, modify knees down,
reduce spring load.
13. During Knee Stretches on Reformer, client compensates with lumbar extension. What is correction?
A. No correction
B. Increase springs
C. More extension
D. Cue TA engagement, neutral spine, hip hinge, reduce springs, check round shape - avoid lumbar extension, focus on glutes hamstrings
Answer: D
Rationale: Knee Stretches compensation lumbar extension - cue TA neutral spine hip hinge glutes hamstrings reduce springs round shape.
14. Pilates Anatomy: What is the primary role of transversus abdominis (TA) in Reformer work?
A. No role
B. Deep core stabilization, anticipatory contraction before movement, maintains neutral spine and supports lumbar spine during spring load
C. Spinal extension
D. Hip flexion
Answer: B
Rationale: TA deep core stabilization, anticipatory contraction, maintains neutral spine, supports lumbar during spring resistance.
15. Pilates Anatomy: What is the primary role of transversus abdominis (TA) in Reformer work?
A. No role
B. Spinal extension
C. Deep core stabilization, anticipatory contraction before movement, maintains neutral spine and supports lumbar spine during spring load
D. Hip flexion
Answer: C
Rationale: TA deep core stabilization, anticipatory contraction, maintains neutral spine, supports lumbar during spring resistance.
16. Sling Systems: Anterior oblique sling includes which muscles and function?
A. External oblique + contralateral adductors + internal oblique - rotational stability, force closure of pelvis, important for single leg work
B. No sling
C. Only rectus abdominis
, D. Only glutes
Answer: A
Rationale: Anterior oblique sling: external oblique + contralateral adductors + internal oblique - rotational stability, pelvis force closure.
17. During Knee Stretches on Reformer, client compensates with lumbar extension. What is correction?
A. No correction
B. More extension
C. Increase springs
D. Cue TA engagement, neutral spine, hip hinge, reduce springs, check round shape - avoid lumbar extension, focus on glutes hamstrings
Answer: D
Rationale: Knee Stretches compensation lumbar extension - cue TA neutral spine hip hinge glutes hamstrings reduce springs round shape.
18. During Reformer 3 Programming, a client cannot maintain scapular stability during Long Stretch Series. Which muscles are weak and what
is the modification?
A. No weakness
B. Weak biceps
C. Tight glutes
D. Weak serratus anterior and lower trapezius, tight pec major/minor - cue scapular protraction, modify to knees down or reduce springs, check
alignment
Answer: D
Rationale: Long Stretch requires serratus anterior, lower trapezius stability. Weakness causes winging. Tight pecs. Cue protraction, modify knees down,
reduce spring load.
19. A client presents with forward head posture and kyphosis during Seated Arm Work on Reformer. Which postural alignment cue and sling
system is affected?
A. Upper crossed syndrome - tight pecs upper traps levator, weak deep neck flexors rhomboids lower traps - cue axial elongation, scapular retraction
depression, chin nod
B. Only tight hamstrings
C. Lower crossed syndrome
D. No syndrome
Answer: A
Rationale: Forward head kyphosis = upper crossed syndrome tight pecs upper traps levator, weak deep neck flexors rhomboids lower traps. Cue
elongation, retraction depression, chin tuck.
20. Reformer 3 Programming: What is the correct spring setting for Footwork for a beginner with osteoporosis?
A. 1 heavy spring
B. Light to medium springs with focus on alignment, avoid spinal flexion, foot bar high, prioritize neutral spine and leg alignment, 2-3 springs
C. No springs
D. Heavy springs only
Answer: B
Rationale: Beginner osteoporosis light-medium springs, avoid spinal flexion, foot bar high for hip range, neutral spine, leg alignment.
21. Posterior oblique sling - what muscles and role in Reformer pulling straps?
A. No sling
B. Latissimus dorsi + contralateral glute max + thoracolumbar fascia - force closure sacroiliac joint, pulling straps stability
C. Only biceps
D. Only quads
Answer: B
Rationale: Posterior oblique sling latissimus + contralateral glute max + TL fascia - SI joint stability, pulling straps.
22. Pilates Anatomy: What is the primary role of transversus abdominis (TA) in Reformer work?
A. Spinal extension
B. Hip flexion
C. No role
D. Deep core stabilization, anticipatory contraction before movement, maintains neutral spine and supports lumbar spine during spring load
Answer: D
Rationale: TA deep core stabilization, anticipatory contraction, maintains neutral spine, supports lumbar during spring resistance.
23. Reformer 3 Programming: How to program for client with diastasis recti?
A. Heavy flexion
B. No modification
C. Only extension
D. Avoid loaded spinal flexion, focus TA activation, breath, neutral spine, light springs, avoid short box flexion, check coning
Answer: D
Rationale: Diastasis avoid loaded flexion coning, focus TA breath neutral spine light springs.
24. Longitudinal sling system includes?
A. Deep longitudinal system multifidus erector spinae thoracolumbar fascia sacrotuberous ligament biceps femoris - spinal extension stability
B. Only rectus
C. No system
Reformer 3 Programming, Sling Systems & Postural Alignment - Version 1
Balanced Body | Reformer Test Out | Pilates Anatomy | Reformer 3 Programming | Sling Systems & Postural Alignment |
Version 1 | High Yield
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. I. Pilates Anatomy - Powerhouse Components Transversus Abdominis Multifidus Pelvic Floor Diaphragm Obliques, TA Anticipatory
Contraction, Lateral Thoracic Breathing Inhale Ribs Lateral Posterior Exhale TA
2. II. Postural Alignment - Neutral Pelvis ASIS Pubic Symphysis Same Plane, Plumb Line Ear Over Acromion Greater Trochanter Anterior
Knee Lateral Malleolus, Ideal Alignment
3. III. Postural Syndromes - Upper Crossed Syndrome Tight Pecs Upper Traps Levator Weak Deep Neck Flexors Rhomboids Lower Traps
Forward Head Kyphosis, Lower Crossed Syndrome Tight Hip Flexors Erector Spinae Weak Glutes TA Anterior Pelvic Tilt Lordosis
4. IV. Sling Systems - Anterior Oblique Sling External Oblique Contralateral Adductors Internal Oblique Rotational Stability, Posterior Oblique
Sling Latissimus Contralateral Glute Max TL Fascia SI Joint Stability Pulling Straps
5. V. Sling Systems - Deep Longitudinal System Multifidus Erector Spinae TL Fascia Sacrotuberous Biceps Femoris Extension Stability,
Lateral Sling Glute Med Min Contralateral Adductors QL Frontal Plane Side Splits
6. VI. Reformer 3 Programming - Beginner Intermediate Advanced Progressions, Spring Selection Light Medium Heavy, Footwork Foot Bar
High Low, Safety Osteoporosis Avoid Flexion, Diastasis Avoid Loaded Flexion Coning
7. VII. Reformer 3 Exercises - Footwork, Long Stretch Series Scapular Stability Serratus Anterior Lower Traps, Short Spine Articulation
Hamstring Flexibility, Knee Stretches Round Shape TA Glutes Hamstrings, Elephant Hip Hinge
8. VIII. Reformer 3 Exercises - Short Box Series Intermediate Advanced Spinal Articulation Core Control Contraindicated Osteoporosis Disc
Herniation, Seated Arm Work Scapular Retraction Depression
9. IX. Corrective Cues and Modifications - Anterior Pelvic Tilt Tight Hip Flexors Weak Glutes TA Cue Posterior Pelvic Tilt, Lumbar Extension
Compensation Cue Hip Hinge Neutral Spine, Reduce Springs Knees Down
10. X. Safety and Test Out Criteria - When to Stop Pain Dizziness Loss Neutral Compensation, Evaluator Looks Anatomy Cueing Alignment
Spring Selection Safety Programming Modifications Sling Integration Communication Flow
11. XI. Practice Questions - High Yield - Each Question Asked Like Real Balanced Body Reformer Test Out
12. XII. Answer Key with Detailed Rationales and Pilates Principles
,BALANCED BODY REFORMER TEST OUT - HIGH YIELD PRACTICE QUESTIONS - EACH QUESTION ASKED LIKE REAL
EXAM
Based on Balanced Body Reformer 3 Programming, Pilates Anatomy, Sling Systems, Postural Alignment Principles. High Yield.
1. Balanced Body Reformer Test Out - What are essential components evaluator looks for?
A. Only counting reps
B. Only springs
C. Anatomy cueing, postural alignment, spring selection, safety, programming Reformer 3 modifications, sling systems integration, client
communication, flow
D. Only anatomy
Answer: C
Rationale: Test Out evaluator looks for anatomy cueing, alignment, springs, safety, Reformer 3 programming modifications, sling systems,
communication flow.
2. Reformer safety: When to stop exercise?
A. Never stop
B. Pain, dizziness, loss of neutral, compensatory patterns, spring detachment, client cannot maintain form, sharp joint pain
C. Continue through pain
D. Only when client says
Answer: B
Rationale: Stop if pain dizziness loss neutral compensation spring issue sharp pain.
3. During Knee Stretches on Reformer, client compensates with lumbar extension. What is correction?
A. Cue TA engagement, neutral spine, hip hinge, reduce springs, check round shape - avoid lumbar extension, focus on glutes hamstrings
B. No correction
C. More extension
D. Increase springs
Answer: A
Rationale: Knee Stretches compensation lumbar extension - cue TA neutral spine hip hinge glutes hamstrings reduce springs round shape.
4. During Short Spine Massage, the client cannot articulate through spine. What is the likely restriction and correction?
A. Tight hamstrings and limited spinal articulation, weak TA - cue sequential articulation, modify with bent knees, check tailbone, use lighter springs
B. Weak biceps
C. Tight shoulders
D. No restriction
Answer: A
Rationale: Short Spine requires hamstring flexibility and spinal articulation. Tight hamstrings limit. Weak TA. Cue sequential, bent knees modification,
lighter springs.
5. Reformer safety: When to stop exercise?
A. Continue through pain
B. Only when client says
C. Never stop
D. Pain, dizziness, loss of neutral, compensatory patterns, spring detachment, client cannot maintain form, sharp joint pain
Answer: D
Rationale: Stop if pain dizziness loss neutral compensation spring issue sharp pain.
6. During Reformer 3 Programming, a client cannot maintain scapular stability during Long Stretch Series. Which muscles are weak and what
is the modification?
A. Weak serratus anterior and lower trapezius, tight pec major/minor - cue scapular protraction, modify to knees down or reduce springs, check
alignment
B. No weakness
C. Weak biceps
D. Tight glutes
Answer: A
Rationale: Long Stretch requires serratus anterior, lower trapezius stability. Weakness causes winging. Tight pecs. Cue protraction, modify knees down,
reduce spring load.
7. During Short Spine Massage, the client cannot articulate through spine. What is the likely restriction and correction?
A. Weak biceps
B. Tight shoulders
C. Tight hamstrings and limited spinal articulation, weak TA - cue sequential articulation, modify with bent knees, check tailbone, use lighter springs
D. No restriction
Answer: C
Rationale: Short Spine requires hamstring flexibility and spinal articulation. Tight hamstrings limit. Weak TA. Cue sequential, bent knees modification,
lighter springs.
8. During Short Spine Massage, the client cannot articulate through spine. What is the likely restriction and correction?
A. Weak biceps
, B. No restriction
C. Tight shoulders
D. Tight hamstrings and limited spinal articulation, weak TA - cue sequential articulation, modify with bent knees, check tailbone, use lighter springs
Answer: D
Rationale: Short Spine requires hamstring flexibility and spinal articulation. Tight hamstrings limit. Weak TA. Cue sequential, bent knees modification,
lighter springs.
9. Reformer 3 Programming: How to program for client with diastasis recti?
A. Only extension
B. No modification
C. Avoid loaded spinal flexion, focus TA activation, breath, neutral spine, light springs, avoid short box flexion, check coning
D. Heavy flexion
Answer: C
Rationale: Diastasis avoid loaded flexion coning, focus TA breath neutral spine light springs.
10. Postural assessment: What is ideal plumb line alignment side view?
A. Ear lobe over acromion over greater trochanter slightly anterior to knee over lateral malleolus - check ear shoulder hip knee ankle
B. No line
C. Forward head
D. Behind ear
Answer: C
Rationale: Plumb line side view ear over acromion over greater trochanter anterior knee lateral malleolus.
11. Pilates Anatomy: What is powerhouse and its components?
A. Only arms
B. Only rectus abdominis
C. Transversus abdominis, multifidus, pelvic floor, diaphragm, internal/external obliques - box from ribs to pelvis - core control center
D. Only glutes
Answer: C
Rationale: Powerhouse TA multifidus pelvic floor diaphragm obliques - ribs to pelvis box.
12. During Reformer 3 Programming, a client cannot maintain scapular stability during Long Stretch Series. Which muscles are weak and what
is the modification?
A. No weakness
B. Weak serratus anterior and lower trapezius, tight pec major/minor - cue scapular protraction, modify to knees down or reduce springs, check
alignment
C. Weak biceps
D. Tight glutes
Answer: B
Rationale: Long Stretch requires serratus anterior, lower trapezius stability. Weakness causes winging. Tight pecs. Cue protraction, modify knees down,
reduce spring load.
13. During Knee Stretches on Reformer, client compensates with lumbar extension. What is correction?
A. No correction
B. Increase springs
C. More extension
D. Cue TA engagement, neutral spine, hip hinge, reduce springs, check round shape - avoid lumbar extension, focus on glutes hamstrings
Answer: D
Rationale: Knee Stretches compensation lumbar extension - cue TA neutral spine hip hinge glutes hamstrings reduce springs round shape.
14. Pilates Anatomy: What is the primary role of transversus abdominis (TA) in Reformer work?
A. No role
B. Deep core stabilization, anticipatory contraction before movement, maintains neutral spine and supports lumbar spine during spring load
C. Spinal extension
D. Hip flexion
Answer: B
Rationale: TA deep core stabilization, anticipatory contraction, maintains neutral spine, supports lumbar during spring resistance.
15. Pilates Anatomy: What is the primary role of transversus abdominis (TA) in Reformer work?
A. No role
B. Spinal extension
C. Deep core stabilization, anticipatory contraction before movement, maintains neutral spine and supports lumbar spine during spring load
D. Hip flexion
Answer: C
Rationale: TA deep core stabilization, anticipatory contraction, maintains neutral spine, supports lumbar during spring resistance.
16. Sling Systems: Anterior oblique sling includes which muscles and function?
A. External oblique + contralateral adductors + internal oblique - rotational stability, force closure of pelvis, important for single leg work
B. No sling
C. Only rectus abdominis
, D. Only glutes
Answer: A
Rationale: Anterior oblique sling: external oblique + contralateral adductors + internal oblique - rotational stability, pelvis force closure.
17. During Knee Stretches on Reformer, client compensates with lumbar extension. What is correction?
A. No correction
B. More extension
C. Increase springs
D. Cue TA engagement, neutral spine, hip hinge, reduce springs, check round shape - avoid lumbar extension, focus on glutes hamstrings
Answer: D
Rationale: Knee Stretches compensation lumbar extension - cue TA neutral spine hip hinge glutes hamstrings reduce springs round shape.
18. During Reformer 3 Programming, a client cannot maintain scapular stability during Long Stretch Series. Which muscles are weak and what
is the modification?
A. No weakness
B. Weak biceps
C. Tight glutes
D. Weak serratus anterior and lower trapezius, tight pec major/minor - cue scapular protraction, modify to knees down or reduce springs, check
alignment
Answer: D
Rationale: Long Stretch requires serratus anterior, lower trapezius stability. Weakness causes winging. Tight pecs. Cue protraction, modify knees down,
reduce spring load.
19. A client presents with forward head posture and kyphosis during Seated Arm Work on Reformer. Which postural alignment cue and sling
system is affected?
A. Upper crossed syndrome - tight pecs upper traps levator, weak deep neck flexors rhomboids lower traps - cue axial elongation, scapular retraction
depression, chin nod
B. Only tight hamstrings
C. Lower crossed syndrome
D. No syndrome
Answer: A
Rationale: Forward head kyphosis = upper crossed syndrome tight pecs upper traps levator, weak deep neck flexors rhomboids lower traps. Cue
elongation, retraction depression, chin tuck.
20. Reformer 3 Programming: What is the correct spring setting for Footwork for a beginner with osteoporosis?
A. 1 heavy spring
B. Light to medium springs with focus on alignment, avoid spinal flexion, foot bar high, prioritize neutral spine and leg alignment, 2-3 springs
C. No springs
D. Heavy springs only
Answer: B
Rationale: Beginner osteoporosis light-medium springs, avoid spinal flexion, foot bar high for hip range, neutral spine, leg alignment.
21. Posterior oblique sling - what muscles and role in Reformer pulling straps?
A. No sling
B. Latissimus dorsi + contralateral glute max + thoracolumbar fascia - force closure sacroiliac joint, pulling straps stability
C. Only biceps
D. Only quads
Answer: B
Rationale: Posterior oblique sling latissimus + contralateral glute max + TL fascia - SI joint stability, pulling straps.
22. Pilates Anatomy: What is the primary role of transversus abdominis (TA) in Reformer work?
A. Spinal extension
B. Hip flexion
C. No role
D. Deep core stabilization, anticipatory contraction before movement, maintains neutral spine and supports lumbar spine during spring load
Answer: D
Rationale: TA deep core stabilization, anticipatory contraction, maintains neutral spine, supports lumbar during spring resistance.
23. Reformer 3 Programming: How to program for client with diastasis recti?
A. Heavy flexion
B. No modification
C. Only extension
D. Avoid loaded spinal flexion, focus TA activation, breath, neutral spine, light springs, avoid short box flexion, check coning
Answer: D
Rationale: Diastasis avoid loaded flexion coning, focus TA breath neutral spine light springs.
24. Longitudinal sling system includes?
A. Deep longitudinal system multifidus erector spinae thoracolumbar fascia sacrotuberous ligament biceps femoris - spinal extension stability
B. Only rectus
C. No system
