NUR EXAM 1 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Question 1.
What is Pathophysiology
Answer: is the study of what happens when the normal anatomy and
physiology go wrong, causing disorder and disease process of the human
body.
Question 2.
What 4 things does pathophysiology include?
Answer: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment
Implications
Question 3.
What is etiology
Answer: study of causes or reasons for phenomena. Includes Idiopathic
conditions that have an unknown origin or cause.
Question 4.
What is pathogenesis?
Answer: development or evolution of disease from initial stimulus to the
expression of manifestations as time occurs.
Question 5.
What are clinical manifestations?
Answer: Signs and symptoms of disorder.
Question 6.
What are treatment implications?
Answer: Which combine the etology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
to determine the best treatment of condition per individual.
‣ What are signs? Answer: Objective or observed manifestations of disease.
Question 7.
What are symptoms?
Answer: Subjective feelings of abnormality in the body.
,Question 8.
What is objective data
Answer: What you observe and can measure.
Question 9.
What are examples of objective data?
Answer: rash, low blood pressure, bleeding
Question 10.
What is subjective data?
Answer: What the patient may report to you
Question 11.
What are examples of subjective data?
Answer: pain scale, they feel suicidal, fatigued.
Question 12.
What is epidemiology?
Answer: study of the patterns of disease involving populations. Based on the
spread and contact of diseases in people.
Question 13.
What are the levels of disease prevention?
Answer: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
Question 14.
Explain Primary Prevention
Answer: "Preventing"; altering susceptibility or reducing exposure of disease
for people.
‣ Examples of Primary Prevention Answer: Vaccinations and Handwashing
Question 15.
Explain Secondary Prevention
Answer: "Screening"; early detection, screening, and management of disease
to catch disease early before it spreads
, Question 16.
Examples of Secondary Prevention
Answer: PAP smears for STDs, lab work for HBA1C check, mammogram
Question 17.
Explain Tertiary Prevention
Answer: "Treating" and preventing further complications from a disorder or
disease after the person has the condition
Question 18.
Examples of Tertiary Prevention
Answer: Rehab for hip surgery, relearning ADL's after amputation, Wound care
after stroke to prevent pressure ulcers.
Question 19.
What is homeostasis?
Answer: a state of equilibrium in which all body systems are in balance and
the body is at its most optimal in functioning. Stable.
Question 20.
What is allostasis?
Answer: ability to successfully adapt to challenges. It is not a balance but an
attempt to adapt to achieve homeostasis. Example: sweating to lower ones
body temp.
‣ Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome Answer: alarm, resistance,
exhaustion
Question 21.
Explain alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome
Answer: Where the sympathetic nervous system is activated due to stress.
Fight or Flight responses are activated and energy is given off by the HPA axis
to flee or fight the danger ahead. Blood must be redirected to vital organs in
this stage to give the organs energy to work.
Question 22.
Explain Resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome
Answer: the activity of the Parasympathetic Nervous system and the
endocrine system to return the body to homeostasis. The body should
ultimately adapt to the stressor.
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Question 1.
What is Pathophysiology
Answer: is the study of what happens when the normal anatomy and
physiology go wrong, causing disorder and disease process of the human
body.
Question 2.
What 4 things does pathophysiology include?
Answer: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment
Implications
Question 3.
What is etiology
Answer: study of causes or reasons for phenomena. Includes Idiopathic
conditions that have an unknown origin or cause.
Question 4.
What is pathogenesis?
Answer: development or evolution of disease from initial stimulus to the
expression of manifestations as time occurs.
Question 5.
What are clinical manifestations?
Answer: Signs and symptoms of disorder.
Question 6.
What are treatment implications?
Answer: Which combine the etology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
to determine the best treatment of condition per individual.
‣ What are signs? Answer: Objective or observed manifestations of disease.
Question 7.
What are symptoms?
Answer: Subjective feelings of abnormality in the body.
,Question 8.
What is objective data
Answer: What you observe and can measure.
Question 9.
What are examples of objective data?
Answer: rash, low blood pressure, bleeding
Question 10.
What is subjective data?
Answer: What the patient may report to you
Question 11.
What are examples of subjective data?
Answer: pain scale, they feel suicidal, fatigued.
Question 12.
What is epidemiology?
Answer: study of the patterns of disease involving populations. Based on the
spread and contact of diseases in people.
Question 13.
What are the levels of disease prevention?
Answer: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
Question 14.
Explain Primary Prevention
Answer: "Preventing"; altering susceptibility or reducing exposure of disease
for people.
‣ Examples of Primary Prevention Answer: Vaccinations and Handwashing
Question 15.
Explain Secondary Prevention
Answer: "Screening"; early detection, screening, and management of disease
to catch disease early before it spreads
, Question 16.
Examples of Secondary Prevention
Answer: PAP smears for STDs, lab work for HBA1C check, mammogram
Question 17.
Explain Tertiary Prevention
Answer: "Treating" and preventing further complications from a disorder or
disease after the person has the condition
Question 18.
Examples of Tertiary Prevention
Answer: Rehab for hip surgery, relearning ADL's after amputation, Wound care
after stroke to prevent pressure ulcers.
Question 19.
What is homeostasis?
Answer: a state of equilibrium in which all body systems are in balance and
the body is at its most optimal in functioning. Stable.
Question 20.
What is allostasis?
Answer: ability to successfully adapt to challenges. It is not a balance but an
attempt to adapt to achieve homeostasis. Example: sweating to lower ones
body temp.
‣ Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome Answer: alarm, resistance,
exhaustion
Question 21.
Explain alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome
Answer: Where the sympathetic nervous system is activated due to stress.
Fight or Flight responses are activated and energy is given off by the HPA axis
to flee or fight the danger ahead. Blood must be redirected to vital organs in
this stage to give the organs energy to work.
Question 22.
Explain Resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome
Answer: the activity of the Parasympathetic Nervous system and the
endocrine system to return the body to homeostasis. The body should
ultimately adapt to the stressor.
