ESS 101 LAB STUDY GUIDE WITH
TESTED SOLUTIONS
◍ can you explain why the earth and terrestial planets have so little
molecular hydrogen compromising their respective atmospheres yet
the primordial dust cloud was mostly compromised of hydrogen gas?
Answer: When you get beyond the orbital position of mars the
temperatures are cold enough that the hydrogen gas is dense enough
that it can be retained by the gravitational tracktion of those outer
planets, their atmospheres still contain a lot of molecular hydrogen.
Major volume because of their proximity to the sun. close planets
could hold but the sun can.
◍ How does the earth become compositionally zone? Answer: 1.
Accretion of planetesimals
2. Initial heating due to kinetic energy of colliding planetesimals and
compressional heating
3. Additional heating from radio active decay
4. Iron catastrophe -> Earth Completely Liquid
5. Earth become compositionally zoned based on density
6. Covective overturn in asthenosphere, mantle and outer core
◍ How is the earth compositionally zoned? Answer: Along a density
gradient.
, ◍ Composition and physical properties of the lithosphere. Answer:
Sits on top of low velocity zone. Lithos means stone. Solid and Rigid.
Seismic waves velocity increases with greater depth because of
increasing pressure.
◍ Composition and physical properties of the asthenosphere. Answer:
Low Velocity Zone
◍ Asthenosphere-lithosphere relationship. (understanding plate
tectionics.) Answer:
◍ Evidence of compositional characteristics of the internal structure
of the earth. Answer:
◍ Compression (P-waves) Answer: Move through all phases of
matter. Faster than S waves
◍ Shear Waves (S-waves) Answer: Only propagate through solid
phases of matter not liquids or gases
◍ Why do P-wave and S-wave shadow zones form? Answer: As the
P-waves travel through the mantle and lithosphere they accelerate
because of increasing density and rigidity S-waves properties are the
same but P-Waves are faster. When you enter the liquid outer core
liquids have low rigidity P-waves decelerate so they refract in the
opposite direction S-waves are absorbed P-waves speed up again and
come out at 140 degrees.
TESTED SOLUTIONS
◍ can you explain why the earth and terrestial planets have so little
molecular hydrogen compromising their respective atmospheres yet
the primordial dust cloud was mostly compromised of hydrogen gas?
Answer: When you get beyond the orbital position of mars the
temperatures are cold enough that the hydrogen gas is dense enough
that it can be retained by the gravitational tracktion of those outer
planets, their atmospheres still contain a lot of molecular hydrogen.
Major volume because of their proximity to the sun. close planets
could hold but the sun can.
◍ How does the earth become compositionally zone? Answer: 1.
Accretion of planetesimals
2. Initial heating due to kinetic energy of colliding planetesimals and
compressional heating
3. Additional heating from radio active decay
4. Iron catastrophe -> Earth Completely Liquid
5. Earth become compositionally zoned based on density
6. Covective overturn in asthenosphere, mantle and outer core
◍ How is the earth compositionally zoned? Answer: Along a density
gradient.
, ◍ Composition and physical properties of the lithosphere. Answer:
Sits on top of low velocity zone. Lithos means stone. Solid and Rigid.
Seismic waves velocity increases with greater depth because of
increasing pressure.
◍ Composition and physical properties of the asthenosphere. Answer:
Low Velocity Zone
◍ Asthenosphere-lithosphere relationship. (understanding plate
tectionics.) Answer:
◍ Evidence of compositional characteristics of the internal structure
of the earth. Answer:
◍ Compression (P-waves) Answer: Move through all phases of
matter. Faster than S waves
◍ Shear Waves (S-waves) Answer: Only propagate through solid
phases of matter not liquids or gases
◍ Why do P-wave and S-wave shadow zones form? Answer: As the
P-waves travel through the mantle and lithosphere they accelerate
because of increasing density and rigidity S-waves properties are the
same but P-Waves are faster. When you enter the liquid outer core
liquids have low rigidity P-waves decelerate so they refract in the
opposite direction S-waves are absorbed P-waves speed up again and
come out at 140 degrees.
