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Test Bank for Fundamentals of Fingerprint

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Chapter 1

Introduction


Test Questions and Answers



1. Name and define the structures that make up palmar and plantar skin.

a. Friction ridges

b. Raised portions of the epidermis on the palmar or plantar skin consisting

of one or more connected ridge units

2. Why do humans and primates have friction ridge skin on hands and feet?

a. Provides friction to grip objects

b. Creates a rough, textured surface that provides resistance between our

hands and anything we touch

3. Where are friction ridges found?

a. Fingers, palms, feet and toes

b. Palmar and plantar surfaces

4. From where does the term “forensic” originate?

a. From the Latin word forensis, meaning “of the forum”




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b. In ancient Rome, criminal and civil cases were held in public at the forum,

or marketplace

5. What is forensic science?

a. Any science applied to legal matters

6. What is the final step in the analysis of all forensic evidence?

a. Courtroom testimony

7. What are the three major facets of forensic science?

a. To demonstrate whether or not a crime has been committed

b. To identify the individuals involved and how those individuals are

associated with other individuals and with the crime scene

c. To reconstruct the crime scene and the sequence of events that occurred

8. What is physical evidence?

a. Physical evidentiary items as well as forensic evidence such as

fingerprints, trace evidence, and DNA

9. What is integrity and why is it an important quality for a forensic scientist?

a. Integrity – having moral and ethical values (incorruptibility)

b. Forensic scientists must have personal and professional integrity in order

to analyze data and come to a conclusion without bias

10. What are class characteristics? Give six examples of class characteristics that

may be used to describe someone.

a. Features that place an individual or object in a group, or sub-category

b. Hair color, hair type, hair length, eye color, height, ethnicity, race, shoe

size, etc.




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11. Give three examples of forensic evidence that displays class characteristics.

a. Shoeprints

b. Fibers

c. Tire tracks

d. Blood typing

e. Firearms

f. Toolmarks

12. True or false: Fingerprint minutiae are class characteristics.

a. False

b. Fingerprint minutiae are individualizing characteristics.

13. True or false: Individualizing characteristics are those features that are unique

to one particular person or thing.

a. True

14. What are the three fingerprint pattern types?

a. Arches

b. Loops

c. Whorls

15. What are the subpatterns of loops?

a. Radial loops

b. Ulnar loops

16. What are the subpatterns of arches?

a. Plain arches

b. Tented arches




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17. What are the subpatterns of whorls?

a. Plain whorls

b. Central pocket loop whorls

c. Double loop whorls

d. Accidentals

18. What are the three fingerprint minutiae types?

a. Ending ridges

b. Bifurcations

c. Short ridges

19. What is the shortest possible short ridge called?

a. Dot

20. What are the two main premises for the science of fingerprint identification?

a. Uniqueness

b. Persistence

21. What are the three possible conclusions of a fingerprint comparison? Explain

each conclusion.

a. Identification – the fingerprints come from a common source

b. Elimination – the fingerprints do not come from a common source

c. Inconclusive - a fingerprint can neither be conclusively identified nor

eliminated

22. True or false: Identical twins have identical fingerprints.

a. False




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