Robbins Basic Pathology
10th Edition
Author(s)Vinay Kumar; MBBS; MD;
FRCPath; Abul K. Abbas; MBBS and
Jon C. Aster; MD; PhD
Print ISBN: 9780323353175
,Question 1
A newborn has a normal number of cells in most tissues, but the cells
contain duplicated genetic information before division. Which cellular
structure is primarily responsible for storing this genetic information?
A. Lysosome
B. Nucleus
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Peroxisome
Correct Answer: B. Nucleus
,Rationale:
The nucleus contains the cellular genome in the form of DNA and
regulates gene expression. Lysosomes digest intracellular material, the
Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts proteins, and peroxisomes
participate in oxidative reactions and lipid metabolism.
Question 2
A hepatocyte is actively synthesizing large amounts of secreted plasma
proteins. Which organelle would be expected to be especially
prominent?
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Lysosome
D. Peroxisome
Correct Answer: A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Rationale:
The rough endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosomes and is responsible
for synthesis of proteins destined for secretion, lysosomes, or
membranes. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is more involved in lipid
synthesis and detoxification, lysosomes digest macromolecules, and
peroxisomes perform oxidative reactions.
Question 3
A cell requires adenosine triphosphate to support ion pumps, protein
synthesis, and other energy-dependent processes. Which organelle is
the major site of aerobic ATP generation?
, A. Golgi apparatus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Nucleus
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: B. Mitochondrion
Rationale:
Mitochondria generate most cellular ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation. The Golgi modifies and sorts proteins, the nucleus
stores genetic material and regulates transcription, and lysosomes
degrade cellular components.
Question 4
A mutation prevents a cell from correctly removing damaged proteins
and organelles. Which cellular process is most directly impaired?
A. Cellular housekeeping
B. DNA replication
C. Extracellular matrix synthesis
D. Growth factor secretion
Correct Answer: A. Cellular housekeeping
Rationale:
Cellular housekeeping includes protein quality control, removal of
damaged cellular components, recycling of macromolecules, and
maintenance of organelle function. DNA replication, extracellular matrix
synthesis, and growth factor secretion are distinct cellular processes.
Question 5
10th Edition
Author(s)Vinay Kumar; MBBS; MD;
FRCPath; Abul K. Abbas; MBBS and
Jon C. Aster; MD; PhD
Print ISBN: 9780323353175
,Question 1
A newborn has a normal number of cells in most tissues, but the cells
contain duplicated genetic information before division. Which cellular
structure is primarily responsible for storing this genetic information?
A. Lysosome
B. Nucleus
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Peroxisome
Correct Answer: B. Nucleus
,Rationale:
The nucleus contains the cellular genome in the form of DNA and
regulates gene expression. Lysosomes digest intracellular material, the
Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts proteins, and peroxisomes
participate in oxidative reactions and lipid metabolism.
Question 2
A hepatocyte is actively synthesizing large amounts of secreted plasma
proteins. Which organelle would be expected to be especially
prominent?
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Lysosome
D. Peroxisome
Correct Answer: A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Rationale:
The rough endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosomes and is responsible
for synthesis of proteins destined for secretion, lysosomes, or
membranes. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is more involved in lipid
synthesis and detoxification, lysosomes digest macromolecules, and
peroxisomes perform oxidative reactions.
Question 3
A cell requires adenosine triphosphate to support ion pumps, protein
synthesis, and other energy-dependent processes. Which organelle is
the major site of aerobic ATP generation?
, A. Golgi apparatus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Nucleus
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: B. Mitochondrion
Rationale:
Mitochondria generate most cellular ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation. The Golgi modifies and sorts proteins, the nucleus
stores genetic material and regulates transcription, and lysosomes
degrade cellular components.
Question 4
A mutation prevents a cell from correctly removing damaged proteins
and organelles. Which cellular process is most directly impaired?
A. Cellular housekeeping
B. DNA replication
C. Extracellular matrix synthesis
D. Growth factor secretion
Correct Answer: A. Cellular housekeeping
Rationale:
Cellular housekeeping includes protein quality control, removal of
damaged cellular components, recycling of macromolecules, and
maintenance of organelle function. DNA replication, extracellular matrix
synthesis, and growth factor secretion are distinct cellular processes.
Question 5
