NUR 257 Exam 3 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers

NUR 257 Exam 3
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers

Question 1.
Aging Theory

Correct Answer: explains the mechanisms behind loss of physical resilience,
decreased resistance to disease, and other physical and mental changes that
accompany aging


Question 2.
Programmed Aging (Hayflick's Theory)

Correct Answer: cellular aging: normal human cells can only replicate and
divide 40-60 times before it cannot divide anymore and will breakdown by
programmed cell death (apoptosis and replicate senescence)


Question 3.
Does Programmed Aging or Hayflick's Theory apply to stem cells?

Correct Answer: No, it is difficult to prove secondary to concurrent chronic
disease


Question 4.
Molecular Clock Theory

Correct Answer: DNA changes: each time a cell undergoes mitosis, the
telomeres on the ends of the chromosome shorten slightly and eventually this
loss of telomeres stops the ability of chromosomes to replicate


Question 5.
Intrinsic Mutagenesis

Correct Answer: the process by which telomeres on the ends of chromosomes
shorten slightly


Question 6.
Wear and Tear Theories of Aging

Correct Answer: errors in the replication of cells and accumulation of
damaging byproducts eventually leads to declining cellular function and aging


Question 7.
Free Radical/Oxidative Stress Theory

,Correct Answer: secondary to the buildup of unstable oxygen compounds,
there is cumulative damage to cells and tissues as a result of aerobic
metabolism


Question 8.
In the Free Radical/Oxidative Stress Theory, environmental oxidizing agents cause harm
to what structures in cells and tissues?

Correct Answer: Cell membranes and cells
• What do antioxidant enzymes do in relation to the Free Radical/Oxidative
Stress Theory? -✓✓Antioxidants can be derived from a healthy diet or from
phytochemicals which block the formation of free radicals


Question 9.
phytochemicals

Correct Answer: plant chemicals


Question 10.
What are the effects and physiological changes of Normal Aging?

Correct Answer: 1) LBM
2) Sarcopenia
3) Proportion Distortion
4) Weight Gain
5) Decline in taste, smell, appetite, and thirst
6) Decline in oral health


Question 11.
LBM (lean body mass)

Correct Answer: sum of fat free tissues comprising bone, muscle, and water


Question 12.
Sarcopenia

Correct Answer: age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function


Question 13.
Proportion distortion

Correct Answer: refers to the growing proportion sizes people call normal

, Question 14.
as age increases, the number of calories required (decreases/increases)

Correct Answer: Decreases


Question 15.
Are carbs typically a nutritional risk factor in older adults?

Correct Answer: No


Question 16.
What is the daily recommended intake of fiber for older adults?

Correct Answer: 22-28 g/day recommended


Question 17.
What is the daily recommended intake of protein for older adults?

Correct Answer: 1-1.5 g/kg


Question 18.
What is the most common deficiency among older adults?

Correct Answer: Protein


Question 19.
Nitrogen balance

Correct Answer: the difference between intake and loss of protein


Question 20.
What is the second most common deficiency among older adults?

Correct Answer: dairy
• What percent of total calories should be used by fats for older adults?
-✓✓20- 35%


Question 21.
What is the DRI Water/Fluid Recommendation for older adults?

Correct Answer: 1 mL of fluid per calorie eaten or a minimum of 1500 mL of
fluid/day