Anatomy - Stott Pilates Exam
Preparation With Correct Solutions
Which muscles oppose each other on the anteriorposterior sides of the foot? -
ANSWER-Anterior: Dorsiflexors
Posterior: Plantar Flexors
Which muscles oppose each other on the later and rotary sides of the foot? - ANSWER-
Lateral: Tibialis
Peroneals
What is the function of Tibialis anterior? - ANSWER-dorsiflexing and inverting the foot.
What is the function of the peroneas muscles? - ANSWER-Primarily responsible for
eversion of the foot. peroneus longus and brevis plantarflex the foot, while the peroneus
tertius dorsiflexes it.
What are the opposing anteroposterior muscles of the knee? - ANSWER-The
hamstrings, gastrocnemius and the popliteus oppose the hamstrings.
The transverse plane divides the body into _________ and _______ segments. -
ANSWER-Superior and inferior segments of the body
The Frontal plane divides the body into ____________ and ___________ segments. -
ANSWER-Anterior and posterior (front/back) segments.
The sagital plane divides the body into ________ and ________ segments - ANSWER-
Left and right segments
Medial is a directional term for: - ANSWER-Closest to the midline of the body.
Lateral is a directional term for: - ANSWER-Away from the midline of the body
Proximal/central means ________ to the trunk or midline of the body. - ANSWER-closer
Distal/peripheral means ________ from the trunk or midline of the body. - ANSWER-
away
Superior is a directional term for: - ANSWER-above or towards the head
Inferior is a directional term for: - ANSWER-Below or away from the head
Anterior refers to - ANSWER-front of the body
, Posterior refers to - ANSWER-back of the body
Superficial refers to - ANSWER-towards the surface of the skin / outer most layer
Deep refers to - ANSWER-inside the body (internal)
Spinal flexion moves the __________ surfaces of the body ___________ each other. -
ANSWER-anterior surfaces of the body towards each other.
What muscles are responsible for scapular retraction? - ANSWER-Trapezius,
rhomboids, Latissimus dorsi
What muscles are responsible for scapular elevation? - ANSWER-Upper Trapezius,
levator scapulae, rhomboids
What muscles are responsible for scapular depression? - ANSWER-latissimus dorsi,
serratus anterior, pectoralis major and minor, and the trapezius muscles.
What muscles are responsible for scapular upward rotation? - ANSWER-Trapezius and
serratus anterior
What muscles are responsible for scapular downward rotation? - ANSWER-latissimus
dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboids, and the pectoralis major and minor muscles
Name two muscles/muscle groups and their disfunction that may cause scapular
winging: - ANSWER-tight/shortened pectoralis muscles
Weak serratus anterior
*Any exercise that helps strengthen the serratus can help with scapular winging.
What is scapular winging? - ANSWER-Protrusion of the medial border of the scapulae
What is scapular tipping? - ANSWER-Protrusion of the inferior boarder/angle of the
scapulae
Spinal extension moves the __________ surfaces of the body ___________ each
other. - ANSWER-anterior surfaces of the body away from each other.
Lateral spinal flexion moves the spine in which direction? - ANSWER-Side to side
Rotational movements happen around which central point? - ANSWER-The axis of the
spine.
List the 4 actions of the neck (cervical spine) - ANSWER-Flexion
Extension
Preparation With Correct Solutions
Which muscles oppose each other on the anteriorposterior sides of the foot? -
ANSWER-Anterior: Dorsiflexors
Posterior: Plantar Flexors
Which muscles oppose each other on the later and rotary sides of the foot? - ANSWER-
Lateral: Tibialis
Peroneals
What is the function of Tibialis anterior? - ANSWER-dorsiflexing and inverting the foot.
What is the function of the peroneas muscles? - ANSWER-Primarily responsible for
eversion of the foot. peroneus longus and brevis plantarflex the foot, while the peroneus
tertius dorsiflexes it.
What are the opposing anteroposterior muscles of the knee? - ANSWER-The
hamstrings, gastrocnemius and the popliteus oppose the hamstrings.
The transverse plane divides the body into _________ and _______ segments. -
ANSWER-Superior and inferior segments of the body
The Frontal plane divides the body into ____________ and ___________ segments. -
ANSWER-Anterior and posterior (front/back) segments.
The sagital plane divides the body into ________ and ________ segments - ANSWER-
Left and right segments
Medial is a directional term for: - ANSWER-Closest to the midline of the body.
Lateral is a directional term for: - ANSWER-Away from the midline of the body
Proximal/central means ________ to the trunk or midline of the body. - ANSWER-closer
Distal/peripheral means ________ from the trunk or midline of the body. - ANSWER-
away
Superior is a directional term for: - ANSWER-above or towards the head
Inferior is a directional term for: - ANSWER-Below or away from the head
Anterior refers to - ANSWER-front of the body
, Posterior refers to - ANSWER-back of the body
Superficial refers to - ANSWER-towards the surface of the skin / outer most layer
Deep refers to - ANSWER-inside the body (internal)
Spinal flexion moves the __________ surfaces of the body ___________ each other. -
ANSWER-anterior surfaces of the body towards each other.
What muscles are responsible for scapular retraction? - ANSWER-Trapezius,
rhomboids, Latissimus dorsi
What muscles are responsible for scapular elevation? - ANSWER-Upper Trapezius,
levator scapulae, rhomboids
What muscles are responsible for scapular depression? - ANSWER-latissimus dorsi,
serratus anterior, pectoralis major and minor, and the trapezius muscles.
What muscles are responsible for scapular upward rotation? - ANSWER-Trapezius and
serratus anterior
What muscles are responsible for scapular downward rotation? - ANSWER-latissimus
dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboids, and the pectoralis major and minor muscles
Name two muscles/muscle groups and their disfunction that may cause scapular
winging: - ANSWER-tight/shortened pectoralis muscles
Weak serratus anterior
*Any exercise that helps strengthen the serratus can help with scapular winging.
What is scapular winging? - ANSWER-Protrusion of the medial border of the scapulae
What is scapular tipping? - ANSWER-Protrusion of the inferior boarder/angle of the
scapulae
Spinal extension moves the __________ surfaces of the body ___________ each
other. - ANSWER-anterior surfaces of the body away from each other.
Lateral spinal flexion moves the spine in which direction? - ANSWER-Side to side
Rotational movements happen around which central point? - ANSWER-The axis of the
spine.
List the 4 actions of the neck (cervical spine) - ANSWER-Flexion
Extension
