MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING: RENAL,
FLUIDS-ELECTROLYTES & ACID-BASE - 330 NCLEX
QUESTIONS
Medical-Surgical Nursing: Renal, Fluids-Electrolytes & Acid-Base - 330 NCLEX Questions
Course: Renal Fluids | Total: 330 Questions | Format: Q + Options + Answer + Rationale | Edition: 2026 NCLEX-RN
High-Yield | Author: Original Content
All questions are original and based on current nursing textbooks (Lewis, Saunders, ATI). Not copied from any exam bank.
[1] Disequilibrium syndrome during hemodialysis due to?
Rapid fluid and BUN shift causing cerebral edema
High calcium
Low potassium
Infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rapid removal of urea -> fluid shifts into brain -> HA, nausea, confusion, seizures.
[2] Diuretic phase of AKI characterized by?
Increased urine output but still high BUN/creatinine
Anuria
Normal labs
Low K only
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diuretic phase: urine output increases but kidneys still cannot concentrate, excrete wastes -> monitor for
dehydration, hypotension, electrolyte loss.
[3] Signs of fluid overload?
Bounding pulse, crackles, JVD, edema, hypertension, dyspnea
Flat neck veins
Thirst
Dry mucous membranes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid overload: bounding pulse, HTN, JVD, edema, crackles, weight gain, dyspnea.
[4] Hyponatremia symptoms?
Headache, confusion, nausea, muscle cramps, seizures
Flushed dry skin
Increased thirst
Polyuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyponatremia: neuro symptoms due to cerebral edema. Severe <120 can seize.
[5] Disequilibrium syndrome during hemodialysis due to?
Rapid fluid and BUN shift causing cerebral edema
High calcium
Low potassium
Infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rapid removal of urea -> fluid shifts into brain -> HA, nausea, confusion, seizures.
[6] Diuretic phase of AKI characterized by?
, Increased urine output but still high BUN/creatinine
Anuria
Normal labs
Low K only
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diuretic phase: urine output increases but kidneys still cannot concentrate, excrete wastes -> monitor for
dehydration, hypotension, electrolyte loss.
[7] Signs of fluid overload?
Bounding pulse, crackles, JVD, edema, hypertension, dyspnea
Flat neck veins
Thirst
Dry mucous membranes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid overload: bounding pulse, HTN, JVD, edema, crackles, weight gain, dyspnea.
[8] Hyponatremia symptoms?
Headache, confusion, nausea, muscle cramps, seizures
Flushed dry skin
Increased thirst
Polyuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyponatremia: neuro symptoms due to cerebral edema. Severe <120 can seize.
[9] Disequilibrium syndrome during hemodialysis due to?
Rapid fluid and BUN shift causing cerebral edema
High calcium
Low potassium
Infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rapid removal of urea -> fluid shifts into brain -> HA, nausea, confusion, seizures.
[10] Diuretic phase of AKI characterized by?
Increased urine output but still high BUN/creatinine
Anuria
Normal labs
Low K only
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diuretic phase: urine output increases but kidneys still cannot concentrate, excrete wastes -> monitor for
dehydration, hypotension, electrolyte loss.
[11] Signs of fluid overload?
Bounding pulse, crackles, JVD, edema, hypertension, dyspnea
Flat neck veins
Thirst
Dry mucous membranes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid overload: bounding pulse, HTN, JVD, edema, crackles, weight gain, dyspnea.
[12] Hyponatremia symptoms?
Headache, confusion, nausea, muscle cramps, seizures
Flushed dry skin
, Increased thirst
Polyuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyponatremia: neuro symptoms due to cerebral edema. Severe <120 can seize.
[13] Disequilibrium syndrome during hemodialysis due to?
Rapid fluid and BUN shift causing cerebral edema
High calcium
Low potassium
Infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rapid removal of urea -> fluid shifts into brain -> HA, nausea, confusion, seizures.
[14] Diuretic phase of AKI characterized by?
Increased urine output but still high BUN/creatinine
Anuria
Normal labs
Low K only
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diuretic phase: urine output increases but kidneys still cannot concentrate, excrete wastes -> monitor for
dehydration, hypotension, electrolyte loss.
[15] Signs of fluid overload?
Bounding pulse, crackles, JVD, edema, hypertension, dyspnea
Flat neck veins
Thirst
Dry mucous membranes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid overload: bounding pulse, HTN, JVD, edema, crackles, weight gain, dyspnea.
[16] Hyponatremia symptoms?
Headache, confusion, nausea, muscle cramps, seizures
Flushed dry skin
Increased thirst
Polyuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyponatremia: neuro symptoms due to cerebral edema. Severe <120 can seize.
[17] Disequilibrium syndrome during hemodialysis due to?
Rapid fluid and BUN shift causing cerebral edema
High calcium
Low potassium
Infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rapid removal of urea -> fluid shifts into brain -> HA, nausea, confusion, seizures.
[18] Diuretic phase of AKI characterized by?
Increased urine output but still high BUN/creatinine
Anuria
Normal labs
Low K only
Correct Answer: A
, Rationale: Diuretic phase: urine output increases but kidneys still cannot concentrate, excrete wastes -> monitor for
dehydration, hypotension, electrolyte loss.
[19] Signs of fluid overload?
Bounding pulse, crackles, JVD, edema, hypertension, dyspnea
Flat neck veins
Thirst
Dry mucous membranes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid overload: bounding pulse, HTN, JVD, edema, crackles, weight gain, dyspnea.
[20] Hyponatremia symptoms?
Headache, confusion, nausea, muscle cramps, seizures
Flushed dry skin
Increased thirst
Polyuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyponatremia: neuro symptoms due to cerebral edema. Severe <120 can seize.
[21] Disequilibrium syndrome during hemodialysis due to?
Rapid fluid and BUN shift causing cerebral edema
High calcium
Low potassium
Infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rapid removal of urea -> fluid shifts into brain -> HA, nausea, confusion, seizures.
[22] Diuretic phase of AKI characterized by?
Increased urine output but still high BUN/creatinine
Anuria
Normal labs
Low K only
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diuretic phase: urine output increases but kidneys still cannot concentrate, excrete wastes -> monitor for
dehydration, hypotension, electrolyte loss.
[23] Signs of fluid overload?
Bounding pulse, crackles, JVD, edema, hypertension, dyspnea
Flat neck veins
Thirst
Dry mucous membranes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid overload: bounding pulse, HTN, JVD, edema, crackles, weight gain, dyspnea.
[24] Hyponatremia symptoms?
Headache, confusion, nausea, muscle cramps, seizures
Flushed dry skin
Increased thirst
Polyuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyponatremia: neuro symptoms due to cerebral edema. Severe <120 can seize.
[25] Disequilibrium syndrome during hemodialysis due to?
FLUIDS-ELECTROLYTES & ACID-BASE - 330 NCLEX
QUESTIONS
Medical-Surgical Nursing: Renal, Fluids-Electrolytes & Acid-Base - 330 NCLEX Questions
Course: Renal Fluids | Total: 330 Questions | Format: Q + Options + Answer + Rationale | Edition: 2026 NCLEX-RN
High-Yield | Author: Original Content
All questions are original and based on current nursing textbooks (Lewis, Saunders, ATI). Not copied from any exam bank.
[1] Disequilibrium syndrome during hemodialysis due to?
Rapid fluid and BUN shift causing cerebral edema
High calcium
Low potassium
Infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rapid removal of urea -> fluid shifts into brain -> HA, nausea, confusion, seizures.
[2] Diuretic phase of AKI characterized by?
Increased urine output but still high BUN/creatinine
Anuria
Normal labs
Low K only
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diuretic phase: urine output increases but kidneys still cannot concentrate, excrete wastes -> monitor for
dehydration, hypotension, electrolyte loss.
[3] Signs of fluid overload?
Bounding pulse, crackles, JVD, edema, hypertension, dyspnea
Flat neck veins
Thirst
Dry mucous membranes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid overload: bounding pulse, HTN, JVD, edema, crackles, weight gain, dyspnea.
[4] Hyponatremia symptoms?
Headache, confusion, nausea, muscle cramps, seizures
Flushed dry skin
Increased thirst
Polyuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyponatremia: neuro symptoms due to cerebral edema. Severe <120 can seize.
[5] Disequilibrium syndrome during hemodialysis due to?
Rapid fluid and BUN shift causing cerebral edema
High calcium
Low potassium
Infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rapid removal of urea -> fluid shifts into brain -> HA, nausea, confusion, seizures.
[6] Diuretic phase of AKI characterized by?
, Increased urine output but still high BUN/creatinine
Anuria
Normal labs
Low K only
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diuretic phase: urine output increases but kidneys still cannot concentrate, excrete wastes -> monitor for
dehydration, hypotension, electrolyte loss.
[7] Signs of fluid overload?
Bounding pulse, crackles, JVD, edema, hypertension, dyspnea
Flat neck veins
Thirst
Dry mucous membranes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid overload: bounding pulse, HTN, JVD, edema, crackles, weight gain, dyspnea.
[8] Hyponatremia symptoms?
Headache, confusion, nausea, muscle cramps, seizures
Flushed dry skin
Increased thirst
Polyuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyponatremia: neuro symptoms due to cerebral edema. Severe <120 can seize.
[9] Disequilibrium syndrome during hemodialysis due to?
Rapid fluid and BUN shift causing cerebral edema
High calcium
Low potassium
Infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rapid removal of urea -> fluid shifts into brain -> HA, nausea, confusion, seizures.
[10] Diuretic phase of AKI characterized by?
Increased urine output but still high BUN/creatinine
Anuria
Normal labs
Low K only
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diuretic phase: urine output increases but kidneys still cannot concentrate, excrete wastes -> monitor for
dehydration, hypotension, electrolyte loss.
[11] Signs of fluid overload?
Bounding pulse, crackles, JVD, edema, hypertension, dyspnea
Flat neck veins
Thirst
Dry mucous membranes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid overload: bounding pulse, HTN, JVD, edema, crackles, weight gain, dyspnea.
[12] Hyponatremia symptoms?
Headache, confusion, nausea, muscle cramps, seizures
Flushed dry skin
, Increased thirst
Polyuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyponatremia: neuro symptoms due to cerebral edema. Severe <120 can seize.
[13] Disequilibrium syndrome during hemodialysis due to?
Rapid fluid and BUN shift causing cerebral edema
High calcium
Low potassium
Infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rapid removal of urea -> fluid shifts into brain -> HA, nausea, confusion, seizures.
[14] Diuretic phase of AKI characterized by?
Increased urine output but still high BUN/creatinine
Anuria
Normal labs
Low K only
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diuretic phase: urine output increases but kidneys still cannot concentrate, excrete wastes -> monitor for
dehydration, hypotension, electrolyte loss.
[15] Signs of fluid overload?
Bounding pulse, crackles, JVD, edema, hypertension, dyspnea
Flat neck veins
Thirst
Dry mucous membranes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid overload: bounding pulse, HTN, JVD, edema, crackles, weight gain, dyspnea.
[16] Hyponatremia symptoms?
Headache, confusion, nausea, muscle cramps, seizures
Flushed dry skin
Increased thirst
Polyuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyponatremia: neuro symptoms due to cerebral edema. Severe <120 can seize.
[17] Disequilibrium syndrome during hemodialysis due to?
Rapid fluid and BUN shift causing cerebral edema
High calcium
Low potassium
Infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rapid removal of urea -> fluid shifts into brain -> HA, nausea, confusion, seizures.
[18] Diuretic phase of AKI characterized by?
Increased urine output but still high BUN/creatinine
Anuria
Normal labs
Low K only
Correct Answer: A
, Rationale: Diuretic phase: urine output increases but kidneys still cannot concentrate, excrete wastes -> monitor for
dehydration, hypotension, electrolyte loss.
[19] Signs of fluid overload?
Bounding pulse, crackles, JVD, edema, hypertension, dyspnea
Flat neck veins
Thirst
Dry mucous membranes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid overload: bounding pulse, HTN, JVD, edema, crackles, weight gain, dyspnea.
[20] Hyponatremia symptoms?
Headache, confusion, nausea, muscle cramps, seizures
Flushed dry skin
Increased thirst
Polyuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyponatremia: neuro symptoms due to cerebral edema. Severe <120 can seize.
[21] Disequilibrium syndrome during hemodialysis due to?
Rapid fluid and BUN shift causing cerebral edema
High calcium
Low potassium
Infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rapid removal of urea -> fluid shifts into brain -> HA, nausea, confusion, seizures.
[22] Diuretic phase of AKI characterized by?
Increased urine output but still high BUN/creatinine
Anuria
Normal labs
Low K only
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diuretic phase: urine output increases but kidneys still cannot concentrate, excrete wastes -> monitor for
dehydration, hypotension, electrolyte loss.
[23] Signs of fluid overload?
Bounding pulse, crackles, JVD, edema, hypertension, dyspnea
Flat neck veins
Thirst
Dry mucous membranes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid overload: bounding pulse, HTN, JVD, edema, crackles, weight gain, dyspnea.
[24] Hyponatremia symptoms?
Headache, confusion, nausea, muscle cramps, seizures
Flushed dry skin
Increased thirst
Polyuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyponatremia: neuro symptoms due to cerebral edema. Severe <120 can seize.
[25] Disequilibrium syndrome during hemodialysis due to?
