GENETICS EXAM 4 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS
◉ What does acetylation and deacetylation mean in histones.
Answer: acetylation: expression
deacetylation: silencing
◉ What does methylation and demethylation in DNA mean.
Answer: methylation: silencing
demethylation: expression
(reversible)
◉ Transcription regulation.
Answer: - biggest level of control in the gene expression process
- on/off switch
◉ Steps for gene to be turned off.
Answer: 1. initiating signal
2. signaling pathway cascade
3. activation of transcription factor
4. recruits transcription process
,5. transcription complex recruits RNA poly II
5. transcription initiated at the promoter site
◉ True or False: cells hate to use energy, so stopping as early as you
can stops the cell from using energy.
Answer: True
◉ Signaling control of gene expression.
Answer: Change in receptor shape starts the cascade. If you stop the
signal anywhere in the cascade, expression is regulated
◉ crosstalk.
Answer: interactions between different signal transduction
pathways
◉ hormonal control of gene expression.
Answer: hormones are hydrophobic and require the target cell to
have receptors specific to the hormone
NO RECEPTOR= NO RESPONSE
◉ hormone control of a gene example-estrogen.
, Answer: estrogen initiates signal to begin expression. Its a growth
factor and when people started using it to treat osteoporosis, cancer
went up
◉ Transcription factors.
Answer: - control the rate of gene transcription
- contain DNA binding proteins that attach to specific DNA
sequences
- different genes can be turned on my different pathways
◉ Cis Transcription factors vs trans Transcription factors.
Answer: cis: DNA itself
trans: things that act on the DNA
◉ TATA box.
Answer: DNA sequence found in the promoter region where
Transcription Factor Complex proteins bind, specifically TATA
Binding Protein.
◉ Promoter region.
Answer: region of DNA located upstream but near the transcription
start siteand where Transcription factors bind to
AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS
◉ What does acetylation and deacetylation mean in histones.
Answer: acetylation: expression
deacetylation: silencing
◉ What does methylation and demethylation in DNA mean.
Answer: methylation: silencing
demethylation: expression
(reversible)
◉ Transcription regulation.
Answer: - biggest level of control in the gene expression process
- on/off switch
◉ Steps for gene to be turned off.
Answer: 1. initiating signal
2. signaling pathway cascade
3. activation of transcription factor
4. recruits transcription process
,5. transcription complex recruits RNA poly II
5. transcription initiated at the promoter site
◉ True or False: cells hate to use energy, so stopping as early as you
can stops the cell from using energy.
Answer: True
◉ Signaling control of gene expression.
Answer: Change in receptor shape starts the cascade. If you stop the
signal anywhere in the cascade, expression is regulated
◉ crosstalk.
Answer: interactions between different signal transduction
pathways
◉ hormonal control of gene expression.
Answer: hormones are hydrophobic and require the target cell to
have receptors specific to the hormone
NO RECEPTOR= NO RESPONSE
◉ hormone control of a gene example-estrogen.
, Answer: estrogen initiates signal to begin expression. Its a growth
factor and when people started using it to treat osteoporosis, cancer
went up
◉ Transcription factors.
Answer: - control the rate of gene transcription
- contain DNA binding proteins that attach to specific DNA
sequences
- different genes can be turned on my different pathways
◉ Cis Transcription factors vs trans Transcription factors.
Answer: cis: DNA itself
trans: things that act on the DNA
◉ TATA box.
Answer: DNA sequence found in the promoter region where
Transcription Factor Complex proteins bind, specifically TATA
Binding Protein.
◉ Promoter region.
Answer: region of DNA located upstream but near the transcription
start siteand where Transcription factors bind to
