NSG 530 Advanced Pathophysiology 2027 Exam 1 Real
Questions and Accurate Answers (100% Verified)
Question 1.
How do cells communicate with each other and the environment outside the cell
Correct Answer: Cells communicate by using hundreds of signal molecules.
-they display plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules (receptor) that
affect the cell itself and other cells in direct physical contact -they affect
receptor proteins inside the target cell and the signal molecule has to enter
the cell to bind to them -they form protein channels (gap juctions) that
directly coordinate the activities of adjacent cells.
Question 2.
responsable for cellular respiration and energy production
Correct Answer: mitocondria
Question 3.
they provide sites for cellular protein synthesis
Correct Answer: ribosome
Question 4.
is the largest membrane bound organelle and is usually found in the cell center, main
function is cell division and control of genetic information
Correct Answer: nucleus
Question 5.
is a small dense structure composed largely of RNA and combine it with proteins
Correct Answer: nucleolus
Question 6.
are saclike structures that originate from the golgi complex and contain digestive
enzymes
Correct Answer: lysosomes
Question 7.
specializes in the synthesis and transport of the protein and lipid components of most of
the cells organelles
Correct Answer: endoplasmic reticulum
,Question 8.
proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum are processed and packaged into small
membrane
Correct Answer: Golgi apparatus or complex
Question 9.
membrane organelles that contain several oxidative enzymes such as catalase and
urate oxidase. those enzymes use oxygen to remove hydrogen in an oxidative reaction
that produces hydrogen peroxide.
Correct Answer: peroxisomes
• it is the gelatinous, semiliquid portion of the cytoplasm. functions include:
intermediary metabolism involving enzymatic biochemical reactions;
ribosomal protein synthesis and storage of carbohydrates, fat and secretory
vesicles - ✓✓cytosol
Question 10.
maintains the cell's shape and internal organization
Correct Answer: cytoskeleton
Question 11.
cells secrete local chemical mediators that are quickly absorbed, destroyed and
immobilized.
Correct Answer: paracrine
Question 12.
cancer cells use this form of signaling to stimulate their survival and proliferation. it
function as a component of normal growth regulatory mechanism.
Correct Answer: autocrine
Question 13.
diffuses across the synaptic cleft and acts on the postsypnaptic target cells
Correct Answer: neurotransmitter
Question 14.
are released by one set of cells and travel through the tissue and through the
bloodstream to produce a response in other set of cells
Correct Answer: hormone
, Question 15.
proteins float in the fluid lipid bilayer. is a membrane structure that consists of a variety
of individual protein molecules moving and shifting within a fluid bilayer of
phospholipids.
Correct Answer: fluid mosaic model
Question 16.
second messenger
Correct Answer: are molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the
cell surface are generated in large numbers when the membrane bound
enzyme is activated, and they then rapidly diffuse away from their source,
broadcasting the signal throughout the cell. The two major pathways are
cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP, CAMP) and Ca.
• a signal molecule such as epinephrine binds to a cell surface receptor, it
activate a G protein inside the cell
• The G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase to produce large amounts of cyclic
AMP from ATP
• Then cAMP binds to and activate a target protein such as a-kinase which
adds phosphate to specific protein within the cell
• How does oxidative phosphorylation work? -✓✓Occurs in the mitochondria
and is the mechanism by which the energy produce from cahydrates, fats, and
proteins is transferred to ATP. The process by which ATP is formed
Question 17.
: is the passive movement of a solute from an area of higher solute concentration to an
area of lower solute concentration.
Correct Answer: diffusion
Question 18.
is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower
solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration.
Correct Answer: Osmosis
Question 19.
is the mechanical force of water pushing against cellular membranes
Correct Answer: Hydrostatic pressure
Question 20.
requires metabolic energy (ATP) to move molecules against the concentration gradient
Correct Answer: active transport
Questions and Accurate Answers (100% Verified)
Question 1.
How do cells communicate with each other and the environment outside the cell
Correct Answer: Cells communicate by using hundreds of signal molecules.
-they display plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules (receptor) that
affect the cell itself and other cells in direct physical contact -they affect
receptor proteins inside the target cell and the signal molecule has to enter
the cell to bind to them -they form protein channels (gap juctions) that
directly coordinate the activities of adjacent cells.
Question 2.
responsable for cellular respiration and energy production
Correct Answer: mitocondria
Question 3.
they provide sites for cellular protein synthesis
Correct Answer: ribosome
Question 4.
is the largest membrane bound organelle and is usually found in the cell center, main
function is cell division and control of genetic information
Correct Answer: nucleus
Question 5.
is a small dense structure composed largely of RNA and combine it with proteins
Correct Answer: nucleolus
Question 6.
are saclike structures that originate from the golgi complex and contain digestive
enzymes
Correct Answer: lysosomes
Question 7.
specializes in the synthesis and transport of the protein and lipid components of most of
the cells organelles
Correct Answer: endoplasmic reticulum
,Question 8.
proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum are processed and packaged into small
membrane
Correct Answer: Golgi apparatus or complex
Question 9.
membrane organelles that contain several oxidative enzymes such as catalase and
urate oxidase. those enzymes use oxygen to remove hydrogen in an oxidative reaction
that produces hydrogen peroxide.
Correct Answer: peroxisomes
• it is the gelatinous, semiliquid portion of the cytoplasm. functions include:
intermediary metabolism involving enzymatic biochemical reactions;
ribosomal protein synthesis and storage of carbohydrates, fat and secretory
vesicles - ✓✓cytosol
Question 10.
maintains the cell's shape and internal organization
Correct Answer: cytoskeleton
Question 11.
cells secrete local chemical mediators that are quickly absorbed, destroyed and
immobilized.
Correct Answer: paracrine
Question 12.
cancer cells use this form of signaling to stimulate their survival and proliferation. it
function as a component of normal growth regulatory mechanism.
Correct Answer: autocrine
Question 13.
diffuses across the synaptic cleft and acts on the postsypnaptic target cells
Correct Answer: neurotransmitter
Question 14.
are released by one set of cells and travel through the tissue and through the
bloodstream to produce a response in other set of cells
Correct Answer: hormone
, Question 15.
proteins float in the fluid lipid bilayer. is a membrane structure that consists of a variety
of individual protein molecules moving and shifting within a fluid bilayer of
phospholipids.
Correct Answer: fluid mosaic model
Question 16.
second messenger
Correct Answer: are molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the
cell surface are generated in large numbers when the membrane bound
enzyme is activated, and they then rapidly diffuse away from their source,
broadcasting the signal throughout the cell. The two major pathways are
cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP, CAMP) and Ca.
• a signal molecule such as epinephrine binds to a cell surface receptor, it
activate a G protein inside the cell
• The G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase to produce large amounts of cyclic
AMP from ATP
• Then cAMP binds to and activate a target protein such as a-kinase which
adds phosphate to specific protein within the cell
• How does oxidative phosphorylation work? -✓✓Occurs in the mitochondria
and is the mechanism by which the energy produce from cahydrates, fats, and
proteins is transferred to ATP. The process by which ATP is formed
Question 17.
: is the passive movement of a solute from an area of higher solute concentration to an
area of lower solute concentration.
Correct Answer: diffusion
Question 18.
is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower
solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration.
Correct Answer: Osmosis
Question 19.
is the mechanical force of water pushing against cellular membranes
Correct Answer: Hydrostatic pressure
Question 20.
requires metabolic energy (ATP) to move molecules against the concentration gradient
Correct Answer: active transport
