PNLE ALL IN PRACTICE EXAMS
LEADERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, BIOETHICS AND
RESEARCH
1. Ms. Castro is newly-promoted to a patient care manager position. She
updates her knowledge on the theories in management and leadership in
order to become effective in her new role. She learns that some managers
have low concern for services and high concern for staff. Which style of
management refers to this?
A. Organization Man
B. Impoverished Management
C. Country Club Management
D. Team Management
Answer: (C) Country Club Management
Rationale: Country club management style puts concern for the staff as number one
priority at the expense of the delivery of services. He/she runs the department just
like a country club where every one is happy including the manager.
2. Her former manager demonstrated passion for serving her staff rather
than being served. She takes time to listen, prefers to be a teacher first
before being a leader, which is characteristic of Transformational leader
A. Transactional leader
B. Servant leader
C. Charismatic leader
Answer: (B) Servant leader
3. On the other hand, Ms. Castro notices that the Chief Nurse Executive has
charismatic leadership style. Which of the following behaviors best
describes this style?
A. Possesses inspirational quality that makes followers gets attracted of him and
regards him with reverence
B. Acts as he does because he expects that his behavior will yield positive results
C. Uses visioning as the core of his leadership
D. Matches his leadership style to the situation at hand.
Answer: (A) Possesses inspirational quality that makes followers gets
attracted of him and regards him with reverence
Rationale: Charismatic leaders make the followers feel at ease in their presence.
They feel that they are in good hands whenever the leader is around.
1
,4. Which of the following conclusions of Ms. Castro about leadership
characteristics is TRUE?
A. There is a high correlation between the communication skills of a leader and the
ability to get the job done.
B. A manager is effective when he has the ability to plan well.
C. Assessment of personal traits is a reliable tool for predicting a manager's potential.
D. There is good evidence that certain personal qualities favor success in managerial
role.
Answer: (C) Assessment of personal traits is a reliable tool for predicting a
manager's potential.
Rationale: It is not conclusive that certain qualities of a person would make him
become a good manager. It can only predict a manager's potential of becoming a
good one.
5. She reads about Path Goal theory. Which of the following behaviors is
manifested by the leader who uses this theory?
A. Recognizes staff for going beyond expectations by giving them citations
B. Challenges the staff to take individual accountability for their own practice
C. Admonishes staff for being laggards.
D. Reminds staff about the sanctions for non performance.
Answer: (A) Recognizes staff for going beyond expectations by giving them
citations
Rationale: Path Goal theory according to House and associates rewards good
performance so that others would do the same
6. One leadership theory states that "leaders are born and not made," which
refers to which of the following theories?
A. Trait
B. Charismatic
C. Great Man
D. Situational
Answer: (C) Great Man
Rationale: Leaders become leaders because of their birth right. This is also called
Genetic theory or the Aristotelian theory
7. She came across a theory which states that the leadership style is
effective dependent on the situation. Which of the following styles best fits
a situation when the followers are self-directed, experts and are matured
individuals?
A. Democratic
B. Authoritarian
2
,C. Laissez faire
D. Bureaucratic
Answer: (C) Laissez faire
Rationale: Laissez faire leadership is preferred when the followers know what to do
and are experts in the field. This leadership style is relationship-oriented rather than
task-centered.
8. She surfs the internet for more information about leadership styles. She
reads about shared leadership as a practice in some magnet hospitals.
Which of the following describes this style of leadership?
A. Leadership behavior is generally determined by the relationship between the
leader's personality and the specific situation
B. Leaders believe that people are basically good and need not be closely controlled
C. Leaders rely heavily on visioning and inspire members to achieve results
Answer: (C) Leaders rely heavily on visioning and inspire members to
achieve results
9. Ms. Castro learns that some leaders are transactional leaders. Which of
the following does NOT characterize a transactional leader?
A. Focuses on management tasks
B. Is a caretaker
C. Uses trade-offs to meet goals
D. Inspires others with vision
Answer: (D) Inspires others with vision
Rationale: Inspires others with a vision is characteristic of a transformational leader.
He is focused more on the day-to-day operations of the department/unit.
10. She finds out that some managers have benevolent-authoritative style
of management. Which of the following behaviors will she exhibit most
likely?
A. Have condescending trust and confidence in their subordinates
B. Gives economic or ego awards
C. Communicates downward to the staff
D. Allows decision making among subordinates
Answer: (A) Have condescending trust and confidence in their subordinates
Rationale: Benevolent-authoritative managers pretentiously show their trust and
confidence to their followers
3
, 11. Harry is a Unit Manager I the Medical Unit. He is not satisfied with the
way things are going in his unit. Patient satisfaction rate is 60% for two
consecutive months and staff morale is at its lowest. He decides to plan and
initiate changes that will push for a turnaround in the condition of the unit.
Which of the following actions is a priority for Harry?
A. Call for a staff meeting and take this up in the agenda.
B. Seek help from her manager.
C. Develop a strategic action on how to deal with these concerns.
D. Ignore the issues since these will be resolved naturally.
Answer: (A) Call for a staff meeting and take this up in the agenda.
Rationale: This will allow for the participation of every staff in the unit. If they
contribute to the solutions of the problem, they will own the solutions; hence the
chance for compliance would be greater.
12. She knows that there are external forces that influence changes in his
unit. Which of the following is NOT an external force?
A. Memo from the CEO to cut down on electrical consumption
B. Demands of the labor sector to increase wages
C. Low morale of staff in her unit
D. Executing regulatory and accreditation standards
Answer: (C) Low morale of staff in her unit
Rationale: Low morale of staff is an internal factor that affects only the unit. All the
rest of the options emanate from the top executive or from outside the institution.
13. After discussing the possible effects of the low patient satisfaction rate,
the staff started to list down possible strategies to solve the problems head-
on. Should they decide to vote on the best change strategy, which of the
following strategies is referred to this?
A. Collaboration
B. Majority rule
C. Dominance
D. Compromise
Answer: (B) Majority rule
Rationale: Majority rule involves dividing the house and the highest vote wins. 1/2 +
1 is a majority.
14. One staff suggests that they review the pattern of nursing care that
they are using, which is described as a
A. job description
B. system used to deliver care
C. manual of procedure
D. rules to be followed
4
LEADERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, BIOETHICS AND
RESEARCH
1. Ms. Castro is newly-promoted to a patient care manager position. She
updates her knowledge on the theories in management and leadership in
order to become effective in her new role. She learns that some managers
have low concern for services and high concern for staff. Which style of
management refers to this?
A. Organization Man
B. Impoverished Management
C. Country Club Management
D. Team Management
Answer: (C) Country Club Management
Rationale: Country club management style puts concern for the staff as number one
priority at the expense of the delivery of services. He/she runs the department just
like a country club where every one is happy including the manager.
2. Her former manager demonstrated passion for serving her staff rather
than being served. She takes time to listen, prefers to be a teacher first
before being a leader, which is characteristic of Transformational leader
A. Transactional leader
B. Servant leader
C. Charismatic leader
Answer: (B) Servant leader
3. On the other hand, Ms. Castro notices that the Chief Nurse Executive has
charismatic leadership style. Which of the following behaviors best
describes this style?
A. Possesses inspirational quality that makes followers gets attracted of him and
regards him with reverence
B. Acts as he does because he expects that his behavior will yield positive results
C. Uses visioning as the core of his leadership
D. Matches his leadership style to the situation at hand.
Answer: (A) Possesses inspirational quality that makes followers gets
attracted of him and regards him with reverence
Rationale: Charismatic leaders make the followers feel at ease in their presence.
They feel that they are in good hands whenever the leader is around.
1
,4. Which of the following conclusions of Ms. Castro about leadership
characteristics is TRUE?
A. There is a high correlation between the communication skills of a leader and the
ability to get the job done.
B. A manager is effective when he has the ability to plan well.
C. Assessment of personal traits is a reliable tool for predicting a manager's potential.
D. There is good evidence that certain personal qualities favor success in managerial
role.
Answer: (C) Assessment of personal traits is a reliable tool for predicting a
manager's potential.
Rationale: It is not conclusive that certain qualities of a person would make him
become a good manager. It can only predict a manager's potential of becoming a
good one.
5. She reads about Path Goal theory. Which of the following behaviors is
manifested by the leader who uses this theory?
A. Recognizes staff for going beyond expectations by giving them citations
B. Challenges the staff to take individual accountability for their own practice
C. Admonishes staff for being laggards.
D. Reminds staff about the sanctions for non performance.
Answer: (A) Recognizes staff for going beyond expectations by giving them
citations
Rationale: Path Goal theory according to House and associates rewards good
performance so that others would do the same
6. One leadership theory states that "leaders are born and not made," which
refers to which of the following theories?
A. Trait
B. Charismatic
C. Great Man
D. Situational
Answer: (C) Great Man
Rationale: Leaders become leaders because of their birth right. This is also called
Genetic theory or the Aristotelian theory
7. She came across a theory which states that the leadership style is
effective dependent on the situation. Which of the following styles best fits
a situation when the followers are self-directed, experts and are matured
individuals?
A. Democratic
B. Authoritarian
2
,C. Laissez faire
D. Bureaucratic
Answer: (C) Laissez faire
Rationale: Laissez faire leadership is preferred when the followers know what to do
and are experts in the field. This leadership style is relationship-oriented rather than
task-centered.
8. She surfs the internet for more information about leadership styles. She
reads about shared leadership as a practice in some magnet hospitals.
Which of the following describes this style of leadership?
A. Leadership behavior is generally determined by the relationship between the
leader's personality and the specific situation
B. Leaders believe that people are basically good and need not be closely controlled
C. Leaders rely heavily on visioning and inspire members to achieve results
Answer: (C) Leaders rely heavily on visioning and inspire members to
achieve results
9. Ms. Castro learns that some leaders are transactional leaders. Which of
the following does NOT characterize a transactional leader?
A. Focuses on management tasks
B. Is a caretaker
C. Uses trade-offs to meet goals
D. Inspires others with vision
Answer: (D) Inspires others with vision
Rationale: Inspires others with a vision is characteristic of a transformational leader.
He is focused more on the day-to-day operations of the department/unit.
10. She finds out that some managers have benevolent-authoritative style
of management. Which of the following behaviors will she exhibit most
likely?
A. Have condescending trust and confidence in their subordinates
B. Gives economic or ego awards
C. Communicates downward to the staff
D. Allows decision making among subordinates
Answer: (A) Have condescending trust and confidence in their subordinates
Rationale: Benevolent-authoritative managers pretentiously show their trust and
confidence to their followers
3
, 11. Harry is a Unit Manager I the Medical Unit. He is not satisfied with the
way things are going in his unit. Patient satisfaction rate is 60% for two
consecutive months and staff morale is at its lowest. He decides to plan and
initiate changes that will push for a turnaround in the condition of the unit.
Which of the following actions is a priority for Harry?
A. Call for a staff meeting and take this up in the agenda.
B. Seek help from her manager.
C. Develop a strategic action on how to deal with these concerns.
D. Ignore the issues since these will be resolved naturally.
Answer: (A) Call for a staff meeting and take this up in the agenda.
Rationale: This will allow for the participation of every staff in the unit. If they
contribute to the solutions of the problem, they will own the solutions; hence the
chance for compliance would be greater.
12. She knows that there are external forces that influence changes in his
unit. Which of the following is NOT an external force?
A. Memo from the CEO to cut down on electrical consumption
B. Demands of the labor sector to increase wages
C. Low morale of staff in her unit
D. Executing regulatory and accreditation standards
Answer: (C) Low morale of staff in her unit
Rationale: Low morale of staff is an internal factor that affects only the unit. All the
rest of the options emanate from the top executive or from outside the institution.
13. After discussing the possible effects of the low patient satisfaction rate,
the staff started to list down possible strategies to solve the problems head-
on. Should they decide to vote on the best change strategy, which of the
following strategies is referred to this?
A. Collaboration
B. Majority rule
C. Dominance
D. Compromise
Answer: (B) Majority rule
Rationale: Majority rule involves dividing the house and the highest vote wins. 1/2 +
1 is a majority.
14. One staff suggests that they review the pattern of nursing care that
they are using, which is described as a
A. job description
B. system used to deliver care
C. manual of procedure
D. rules to be followed
4
