Pathophysiology Exam I Chapters 1-4 test (150 Questions)
– Complete 2026 Exam Prep with Answers & Detailed
Explanations
The manifestations of a disease are best defined as the:
a. subjective feelings of discomfort during a chronic illness
b. signs and symptoms of a disease
c. factors that precipitate an acute episode of a chronic illness
d. early indicators of the prodromal stage of infection -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-b. signs and symptoms of a disease
The best definition of the term prognosis is the:
a. precipitating factors causing an acute episode
b. number of remissions to be expected during the course of a
chronic illness
c. predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific
disease
,d. exacerbations occurring during chronic illness - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-c. predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a
specific disease
Which of the following is considered a systemic sign of disease?
a. swelling of the knee
b. fever
c. pain in the neck
d. red rash on the face - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-b. fever
Which of the following would be the most likely cause of an
iatrogenic disease?
a. an inherited disorder
b. a combination of specific etiologic factors
c. an unwanted effect of a prescribed drug
d. prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals in the environment -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-c. an unwanted effect of a prescribed drug
Etiology is defined as the study of the:
a. causes of a disease
b. course of a disease
,c. expected complications of a disease
d. manifestations of a disease - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-a. causes of a
disease
Hypertrophy of the heart would be related to:
a. an increase in the size of the individual cells
b. an increase in the number of cells in an area
c. replacement of normal cells by a different type of cell
d. a decrease in the size of the individual cells - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-a. an increase in the size of the individual cells
A change in a tissue marked by cells that vary in size and shape
and show increased mitotic figures would be called:
a. metaplasia
b. atrophy
c. dysplasia
d. hypertrophy - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-c. dysplasia
When a group of cells in the body dies, the change is called:
a. ischemia
b. gangrene
, c. hypoxia
d. necrosis - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-d. necrosis
Lack of exercise during an illness may cause skeletal muscle to
undergo:
a. hypertrophy
b. dysplasia
c. atrophy
d. regeneration - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-c. atrophy
The term cancer refers to:
a. dysplasia
b. hyperplasia
c. metaplasia
d. malignant neoplasm - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-d. malignant
neoplasm
To which of the following does the term apoptosis refer?
a. increased rate of mitosis by certain cells
b. ischemic damage to cells
c. liquefaction of necrotic tissue
– Complete 2026 Exam Prep with Answers & Detailed
Explanations
The manifestations of a disease are best defined as the:
a. subjective feelings of discomfort during a chronic illness
b. signs and symptoms of a disease
c. factors that precipitate an acute episode of a chronic illness
d. early indicators of the prodromal stage of infection -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-b. signs and symptoms of a disease
The best definition of the term prognosis is the:
a. precipitating factors causing an acute episode
b. number of remissions to be expected during the course of a
chronic illness
c. predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific
disease
,d. exacerbations occurring during chronic illness - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-c. predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a
specific disease
Which of the following is considered a systemic sign of disease?
a. swelling of the knee
b. fever
c. pain in the neck
d. red rash on the face - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-b. fever
Which of the following would be the most likely cause of an
iatrogenic disease?
a. an inherited disorder
b. a combination of specific etiologic factors
c. an unwanted effect of a prescribed drug
d. prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals in the environment -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-c. an unwanted effect of a prescribed drug
Etiology is defined as the study of the:
a. causes of a disease
b. course of a disease
,c. expected complications of a disease
d. manifestations of a disease - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-a. causes of a
disease
Hypertrophy of the heart would be related to:
a. an increase in the size of the individual cells
b. an increase in the number of cells in an area
c. replacement of normal cells by a different type of cell
d. a decrease in the size of the individual cells - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-a. an increase in the size of the individual cells
A change in a tissue marked by cells that vary in size and shape
and show increased mitotic figures would be called:
a. metaplasia
b. atrophy
c. dysplasia
d. hypertrophy - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-c. dysplasia
When a group of cells in the body dies, the change is called:
a. ischemia
b. gangrene
, c. hypoxia
d. necrosis - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-d. necrosis
Lack of exercise during an illness may cause skeletal muscle to
undergo:
a. hypertrophy
b. dysplasia
c. atrophy
d. regeneration - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-c. atrophy
The term cancer refers to:
a. dysplasia
b. hyperplasia
c. metaplasia
d. malignant neoplasm - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-d. malignant
neoplasm
To which of the following does the term apoptosis refer?
a. increased rate of mitosis by certain cells
b. ischemic damage to cells
c. liquefaction of necrotic tissue
