ATI Nutrition Proctored EXAM [2026/2027] | NEW
VERSION | CORRECT ANSWERS | DETAILED
SOLUTIONS
• Egg Allergy and Influenza Vaccine -✓✓ANSWER: -Assess the client's food-allergy
history and previous vaccine reactions
-Egg allergy is not a contraindication to influenza vaccination
-Any age appropriate influenza vaccine may be administered
-No additional precautions are required solely because of egg-allergy severity
-A severe reaction to a previous influenza vaccine or its non-egg component is different
-Emergency medications and equipment should be available for all vaccinations
-Do not confuse food intolerance with an IgE mediated food allergy
-Teach clients that vaccination does not require adding eggs to the diet
• Refeeding Syndrome -✓✓ANSWER: -Occurs when nutrition is started too rapidly after
severe malnutrition or starvation
-Sudden insulin release shifts phosphate, potassium, and magnesium into cells
-Hypophosphatemia is the hallmark finding
-Causes fluid and sodium retention
-Findings: weakness, confusion, seizures, and shallow respirations
-Cardiac manifestations include dysrhythmias and heart failure
-Prevention: give thiamine, correct electrolytes, and start nutrition slowly
-Monitor phosphate, potassium, magnesium, glucose, fluid balance, and cardiac rhythm
• Refeeding syndrome manifestations -✓✓ANSWER: -Occurs after rapidly feeding a
severely malnourished client
-Hallmark: severe hypophosphatemia
,-Hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia
-Muscle weakness, tremors, paresthesias, and confusion
-Cardiac dysrhythmias, hypotension, and heart failure
-Respiratory muscle weakness and respiratory failure
-Fluid and sodium retention causing edema and weight gain
-Severe cases can cause seizures, coma, or death
• Parenteral Nutrition: Nursing Considerations -✓✓ANSWER: -Monitor for infection:
fever, chills, leukocytosis, and insertion-site redness
-Use strict aseptic technique for catheter care and line access
-Change PN solution and tubing every 24 hr or per facility policy
-Monitor blood glucose regularly for hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia
-Administer prescribed insulin for hyperglycemia
-Do not stop PN abruptly; give prescribed dextrose if interrupted
-Monitor daily weight, intake and output, and nutritional intake
-Report unexpected weight change; PN concentration, rate, or lipids may require
adjustment
• Parenteral Nutrition: Rate Safety -✓✓ANSWER: -Use an infusion pump and monitor
the flow rate closely
-Too slow: nutritional requirements are not met
-Too rapid: hyperglycemia, hyperosmolar diuresis, and fluid overload
-Severe rapid infusion effects include dehydration, shock, seizures, and coma
-Never increase the rate to "catch up" after an interruption
-Do not discontinue PN abruptly
-If PN is unavailable, administer prescribed IV dextrose to prevent hypoglycemia
,-Bring refrigerated PN to room temperature for about 1 hr before administration
• Parenteral Nutrition: Solution and Infection Safety -✓✓ANSWER: -Use strict aseptic
technique because high dextrose supports bacterial growth
-Change the PN bag and dextrose tubing every 24 hr per policy
-Use sterile technique for central line dressing and tubing changes
-Do not use PN that appears oily, separated, or has a fat layer "cracked" solution
-Inspect the solution for particles, leaks, discoloration, and expiration
-Intermittent lipids should not hang longer than 12 hr
-Stop lipids 12 hr before drawing triglyceride levels
-Monitor for fever, chills, leukocytosis, and catheter site redness or drainage
• Breastfeeding: Feeding Schedule and Hunger Cues -✓✓ANSWER: -Initiate
breastfeeding immediately after birth when possible
-Feed 8 to 12 times per 24 hr
-Use demand feeding and respond to early hunger cues
-Early cues: rooting, hand to mouth activity, suckling, and rapid eye movement
-Crying is a late hunger cue
-Awaken to feed every 3 hr during the day and every 4 hr at night
-Allow approximately 15 min per breast initially
-Slower suckling, softened breast, or sleeping can indicate feeding completion
• Breastfeeding: Supplementation and Milk Supply -✓✓ANSWER: -Avoid formula or
other supplements unless medically indicated
-Increase feeding frequency to stimulate milk production
-Manual expression before feeding can initiate milk flow
-Use expressed breast milk when extra calories or fluids are required
-Begin pumping if prematurity or respiratory distress prevents direct feeding
, -Frequent breast emptying maintains and increases milk supply
-Limit alcohol and caffeine while breastfeeding
-Monitor infant weight gain and wet/soiled diapers for adequate intake
• Expressed Breast Milk: Storage -✓✓ANSWER: -Store milk in clean bottles or breast
milk storage bags
-Label each container with the date and time expressed
-Refrigerate for up to 4 days
-Freeze for approximately 6 months for best quality
-Thaw frozen milk in the refrigerator
-Use refrigerated thawed milk within 24 hr
-Never microwave or refreeze thawed breast milk
-Discard leftover milk from a feeding; never save it for a later feeding
• Diverticulosis vs. Diverticulitis -✓✓ANSWER: -Diverticula: pouches protruding through
the intestinal wall
-Usually occur in the sigmoid colon from increased intraluminal pressure
-Diverticulosis: diverticula are present without inflammation
-Diverticulitis: trapped fecal matter causes inflammation or infection
-Findings: LLQ pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and bowel-pattern changes
-Complications: abscess, obstruction, perforation, and peritonitis
-Acute treatment may include antibiotics, analgesics, and IV fluids
• Diverticular Disease: Nutrition -✓✓ANSWER: -Long term prevention: high fiber, low fat
diet
-Fiber softens stool and decreases pressure within the colon
-Increase fiber gradually to reduce bloating and gas
VERSION | CORRECT ANSWERS | DETAILED
SOLUTIONS
• Egg Allergy and Influenza Vaccine -✓✓ANSWER: -Assess the client's food-allergy
history and previous vaccine reactions
-Egg allergy is not a contraindication to influenza vaccination
-Any age appropriate influenza vaccine may be administered
-No additional precautions are required solely because of egg-allergy severity
-A severe reaction to a previous influenza vaccine or its non-egg component is different
-Emergency medications and equipment should be available for all vaccinations
-Do not confuse food intolerance with an IgE mediated food allergy
-Teach clients that vaccination does not require adding eggs to the diet
• Refeeding Syndrome -✓✓ANSWER: -Occurs when nutrition is started too rapidly after
severe malnutrition or starvation
-Sudden insulin release shifts phosphate, potassium, and magnesium into cells
-Hypophosphatemia is the hallmark finding
-Causes fluid and sodium retention
-Findings: weakness, confusion, seizures, and shallow respirations
-Cardiac manifestations include dysrhythmias and heart failure
-Prevention: give thiamine, correct electrolytes, and start nutrition slowly
-Monitor phosphate, potassium, magnesium, glucose, fluid balance, and cardiac rhythm
• Refeeding syndrome manifestations -✓✓ANSWER: -Occurs after rapidly feeding a
severely malnourished client
-Hallmark: severe hypophosphatemia
,-Hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia
-Muscle weakness, tremors, paresthesias, and confusion
-Cardiac dysrhythmias, hypotension, and heart failure
-Respiratory muscle weakness and respiratory failure
-Fluid and sodium retention causing edema and weight gain
-Severe cases can cause seizures, coma, or death
• Parenteral Nutrition: Nursing Considerations -✓✓ANSWER: -Monitor for infection:
fever, chills, leukocytosis, and insertion-site redness
-Use strict aseptic technique for catheter care and line access
-Change PN solution and tubing every 24 hr or per facility policy
-Monitor blood glucose regularly for hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia
-Administer prescribed insulin for hyperglycemia
-Do not stop PN abruptly; give prescribed dextrose if interrupted
-Monitor daily weight, intake and output, and nutritional intake
-Report unexpected weight change; PN concentration, rate, or lipids may require
adjustment
• Parenteral Nutrition: Rate Safety -✓✓ANSWER: -Use an infusion pump and monitor
the flow rate closely
-Too slow: nutritional requirements are not met
-Too rapid: hyperglycemia, hyperosmolar diuresis, and fluid overload
-Severe rapid infusion effects include dehydration, shock, seizures, and coma
-Never increase the rate to "catch up" after an interruption
-Do not discontinue PN abruptly
-If PN is unavailable, administer prescribed IV dextrose to prevent hypoglycemia
,-Bring refrigerated PN to room temperature for about 1 hr before administration
• Parenteral Nutrition: Solution and Infection Safety -✓✓ANSWER: -Use strict aseptic
technique because high dextrose supports bacterial growth
-Change the PN bag and dextrose tubing every 24 hr per policy
-Use sterile technique for central line dressing and tubing changes
-Do not use PN that appears oily, separated, or has a fat layer "cracked" solution
-Inspect the solution for particles, leaks, discoloration, and expiration
-Intermittent lipids should not hang longer than 12 hr
-Stop lipids 12 hr before drawing triglyceride levels
-Monitor for fever, chills, leukocytosis, and catheter site redness or drainage
• Breastfeeding: Feeding Schedule and Hunger Cues -✓✓ANSWER: -Initiate
breastfeeding immediately after birth when possible
-Feed 8 to 12 times per 24 hr
-Use demand feeding and respond to early hunger cues
-Early cues: rooting, hand to mouth activity, suckling, and rapid eye movement
-Crying is a late hunger cue
-Awaken to feed every 3 hr during the day and every 4 hr at night
-Allow approximately 15 min per breast initially
-Slower suckling, softened breast, or sleeping can indicate feeding completion
• Breastfeeding: Supplementation and Milk Supply -✓✓ANSWER: -Avoid formula or
other supplements unless medically indicated
-Increase feeding frequency to stimulate milk production
-Manual expression before feeding can initiate milk flow
-Use expressed breast milk when extra calories or fluids are required
-Begin pumping if prematurity or respiratory distress prevents direct feeding
, -Frequent breast emptying maintains and increases milk supply
-Limit alcohol and caffeine while breastfeeding
-Monitor infant weight gain and wet/soiled diapers for adequate intake
• Expressed Breast Milk: Storage -✓✓ANSWER: -Store milk in clean bottles or breast
milk storage bags
-Label each container with the date and time expressed
-Refrigerate for up to 4 days
-Freeze for approximately 6 months for best quality
-Thaw frozen milk in the refrigerator
-Use refrigerated thawed milk within 24 hr
-Never microwave or refreeze thawed breast milk
-Discard leftover milk from a feeding; never save it for a later feeding
• Diverticulosis vs. Diverticulitis -✓✓ANSWER: -Diverticula: pouches protruding through
the intestinal wall
-Usually occur in the sigmoid colon from increased intraluminal pressure
-Diverticulosis: diverticula are present without inflammation
-Diverticulitis: trapped fecal matter causes inflammation or infection
-Findings: LLQ pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and bowel-pattern changes
-Complications: abscess, obstruction, perforation, and peritonitis
-Acute treatment may include antibiotics, analgesics, and IV fluids
• Diverticular Disease: Nutrition -✓✓ANSWER: -Long term prevention: high fiber, low fat
diet
-Fiber softens stool and decreases pressure within the colon
-Increase fiber gradually to reduce bloating and gas
