COMPREHENSIVE HUMAN ANATOMY
& PHYSIOLOGY I & II
Master Examination: The Nervous System (200 Questions with
Complete Rationales)
,Module 1: Neurohistology & Cell Biology of Neurons and Glia
Q1. Which glial cell is responsible for myelinating axons within the
central nervous system (CNS)?
A) Schwann cell
B) Oligodendrocyte
C) Astrocyte
D) Microglial cell
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons in the CNS, whereas
Schwann cells perform this function in the PNS. One
oligodendrocyte can myelinate segments of multiple axons.
Q2. Which neuroglial cell acts as the primary phagocytic immune cell of
the central nervous system during injury or infection?
A) Ependymal cell
B) Astrocyte
C) Microglial cell
D) Satellite cell
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Microglia are macrophage-like immune cells of the CNS
that phagocytize cellular debris, pathogens, and damaged neural
tissue.
Q3. Which specialized glial cells line the brain ventricles and spinal
cord central canal, and are responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF)?
A) Ependymal cells
B) Astrocytes
C) Oligodendrocytes
D) Schwann cells
, Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ependymal cells form a ciliated epithelium lining the
ventricles and central canal, actively contributing to CSF
production and circulation via ciliary beating.
Q4. Astrocytes perform all of the following physiological functions
EXCEPT:
A) Forming the blood-brain barrier via perivascular feet
B) Buffering extracellular potassium (K+) concentrations
C) Myelinating peripheral nerve fibers
D) Reclaiming and recycling neurotransmitters like glutamate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Myelinating peripheral nerve fibers is the exclusive
function of Schwann cells in the PNS. Astrocytes handle structural
support, ion homeostasis, blood-brain barrier maintenance, and
neurotransmitter uptake.
Q5. What structural feature distinguishes a multipolar neuron from
unipolar and bipolar neurons?
A) Possession of a single axon and multiple dendrites
B) Absence of Nissl bodies within the soma
C) Presence of specialized sensory endings directly attached to the
axon
D) Inability to generate graded potentials
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Multipolar neurons feature one axon and two or more
dendrites extending from the cell body, representing the most
common neuron type in the human CNS.
Q6. Which glial cell is responsible for myelinating axons within the
central nervous system (CNS)?
, A) Schwann cell
B) Oligodendrocyte
C) Astrocyte
D) Microglial cell
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons in the CNS, whereas
Schwann cells perform this function in the PNS. One
oligodendrocyte can myelinate segments of multiple axons.
Q7. Which neuroglial cell acts as the primary phagocytic immune cell of
the central nervous system during injury or infection?
A) Ependymal cell
B) Astrocyte
C) Microglial cell
D) Satellite cell
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Microglia are macrophage-like immune cells of the CNS
that phagocytize cellular debris, pathogens, and damaged neural
tissue.
Q8. Which specialized glial cells line the brain ventricles and spinal
cord central canal, and are responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF)?
A) Ependymal cells
B) Astrocytes
C) Oligodendrocytes
D) Schwann cells
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ependymal cells form a ciliated epithelium lining the
& PHYSIOLOGY I & II
Master Examination: The Nervous System (200 Questions with
Complete Rationales)
,Module 1: Neurohistology & Cell Biology of Neurons and Glia
Q1. Which glial cell is responsible for myelinating axons within the
central nervous system (CNS)?
A) Schwann cell
B) Oligodendrocyte
C) Astrocyte
D) Microglial cell
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons in the CNS, whereas
Schwann cells perform this function in the PNS. One
oligodendrocyte can myelinate segments of multiple axons.
Q2. Which neuroglial cell acts as the primary phagocytic immune cell of
the central nervous system during injury or infection?
A) Ependymal cell
B) Astrocyte
C) Microglial cell
D) Satellite cell
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Microglia are macrophage-like immune cells of the CNS
that phagocytize cellular debris, pathogens, and damaged neural
tissue.
Q3. Which specialized glial cells line the brain ventricles and spinal
cord central canal, and are responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF)?
A) Ependymal cells
B) Astrocytes
C) Oligodendrocytes
D) Schwann cells
, Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ependymal cells form a ciliated epithelium lining the
ventricles and central canal, actively contributing to CSF
production and circulation via ciliary beating.
Q4. Astrocytes perform all of the following physiological functions
EXCEPT:
A) Forming the blood-brain barrier via perivascular feet
B) Buffering extracellular potassium (K+) concentrations
C) Myelinating peripheral nerve fibers
D) Reclaiming and recycling neurotransmitters like glutamate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Myelinating peripheral nerve fibers is the exclusive
function of Schwann cells in the PNS. Astrocytes handle structural
support, ion homeostasis, blood-brain barrier maintenance, and
neurotransmitter uptake.
Q5. What structural feature distinguishes a multipolar neuron from
unipolar and bipolar neurons?
A) Possession of a single axon and multiple dendrites
B) Absence of Nissl bodies within the soma
C) Presence of specialized sensory endings directly attached to the
axon
D) Inability to generate graded potentials
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Multipolar neurons feature one axon and two or more
dendrites extending from the cell body, representing the most
common neuron type in the human CNS.
Q6. Which glial cell is responsible for myelinating axons within the
central nervous system (CNS)?
, A) Schwann cell
B) Oligodendrocyte
C) Astrocyte
D) Microglial cell
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons in the CNS, whereas
Schwann cells perform this function in the PNS. One
oligodendrocyte can myelinate segments of multiple axons.
Q7. Which neuroglial cell acts as the primary phagocytic immune cell of
the central nervous system during injury or infection?
A) Ependymal cell
B) Astrocyte
C) Microglial cell
D) Satellite cell
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Microglia are macrophage-like immune cells of the CNS
that phagocytize cellular debris, pathogens, and damaged neural
tissue.
Q8. Which specialized glial cells line the brain ventricles and spinal
cord central canal, and are responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF)?
A) Ependymal cells
B) Astrocytes
C) Oligodendrocytes
D) Schwann cells
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ependymal cells form a ciliated epithelium lining the
