BIOS 2535 EXAM 2026 UPDATE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED
A+ (BRAND NEW VISION)
What is the respiratory membrane? - ANS-A thin barrier between the alveolar air and blood
consisting of squamous alveolar cells, endothelial cells, and their shared basement
membrane.
What is the pleurae? - ANS-A double-layered membrane that lines the thoracic wall and covers
the lungs.
What is the visceral pleura? - ANS-The layer that covers the lung surface.
What is the parietal pleura? - ANS-The layer that lines the inner surface of the thoracic wall.
What is pleural effusion? - ANS-Pathological seepage of fluid or air into the pleural cavity.
What is the primary muscle of respiration? - ANS-The diaphragm.
What is the function of the diaphragm during inhalation? - ANS-It contracts and drops,
increasing the depth of the thoracic cavity.
What is Boyle's Law? - ANS-The pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to
its volume.
What happens during inhalation according to Boyle's Law? - ANS-Inhalation muscles contract,
increasing thoracic cavity volume and decreasing intrapulmonary pressure.
, What occurs during exhalation? - ANS-The muscles of inspiration relax and expiratory muscles
contract, decreasing thoracic cavity volume and increasing intrapulmonary pressure.
What are the three essential pressures for understanding ventilation? - ANS-Atmospheric
pressure, intrapulmonary pressure, and intrapleural pressure.
What is the significance of intrapleural pressure? - ANS-It is always negative compared to
atmospheric pressure, helping to keep the lungs inflated.
How does resistance affect airflow? - ANS-The greater the resistance, the slower the airflow.
What is bronchodilation? - ANS-An increase in the diameter of a bronchiole, stimulated by
epinephrine and sympathetic nerves.
What causes bronchoconstriction? - ANS-A decrease in the diameter of bronchioles,
stimulated by parasympathetic nerves, histamine, cold air, and chemical irritants.
What can extreme bronchoconstriction lead to? - ANS-Anaphylactic shock or asthma, which
can result in suffocation.
What is pulmonary compliance? - ANS-How easily lung volume changes or lung expansion
occurs in response to pressure changes.
What is the function of a spirometer? - ANS-A device that measures the rate and depth of
breathing, speed of expiration, and rate of oxygen consumption.
What is tidal volume? - ANS-The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in one cycle of quiet
breathing, approximately 500 mL.
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED
A+ (BRAND NEW VISION)
What is the respiratory membrane? - ANS-A thin barrier between the alveolar air and blood
consisting of squamous alveolar cells, endothelial cells, and their shared basement
membrane.
What is the pleurae? - ANS-A double-layered membrane that lines the thoracic wall and covers
the lungs.
What is the visceral pleura? - ANS-The layer that covers the lung surface.
What is the parietal pleura? - ANS-The layer that lines the inner surface of the thoracic wall.
What is pleural effusion? - ANS-Pathological seepage of fluid or air into the pleural cavity.
What is the primary muscle of respiration? - ANS-The diaphragm.
What is the function of the diaphragm during inhalation? - ANS-It contracts and drops,
increasing the depth of the thoracic cavity.
What is Boyle's Law? - ANS-The pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to
its volume.
What happens during inhalation according to Boyle's Law? - ANS-Inhalation muscles contract,
increasing thoracic cavity volume and decreasing intrapulmonary pressure.
, What occurs during exhalation? - ANS-The muscles of inspiration relax and expiratory muscles
contract, decreasing thoracic cavity volume and increasing intrapulmonary pressure.
What are the three essential pressures for understanding ventilation? - ANS-Atmospheric
pressure, intrapulmonary pressure, and intrapleural pressure.
What is the significance of intrapleural pressure? - ANS-It is always negative compared to
atmospheric pressure, helping to keep the lungs inflated.
How does resistance affect airflow? - ANS-The greater the resistance, the slower the airflow.
What is bronchodilation? - ANS-An increase in the diameter of a bronchiole, stimulated by
epinephrine and sympathetic nerves.
What causes bronchoconstriction? - ANS-A decrease in the diameter of bronchioles,
stimulated by parasympathetic nerves, histamine, cold air, and chemical irritants.
What can extreme bronchoconstriction lead to? - ANS-Anaphylactic shock or asthma, which
can result in suffocation.
What is pulmonary compliance? - ANS-How easily lung volume changes or lung expansion
occurs in response to pressure changes.
What is the function of a spirometer? - ANS-A device that measures the rate and depth of
breathing, speed of expiration, and rate of oxygen consumption.
What is tidal volume? - ANS-The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in one cycle of quiet
breathing, approximately 500 mL.
