MED SURG CH. 35, 36, 37 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS
A1c Levels and Average Blood Glucose correct answer A1c Levels: Avg. Blood
Glucose:
4% 68 mg/dL
5% 97 mg/dL
5.7-6.4% Prediabetes
6% 126 mg/dL
>6.5% Type 2 Diabetes
7% 154 mg/dL
Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Addison's Disease) correct answer -Insufficient
mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
-Primary: affects adrenal cortex
-Secondary: affects pituitary
-Failure to secrete ACTH hormone
-Pituitary under functioning, surgical removal, pituitary tumors, or abrupt
withdrawal of steroids
-S/S: very vague, then, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, muscle pain/weakness,
hypoglycemia
-Addisonian Crisis from stress or infection
-Immediate fluid replacement corticosteroids, sodium, dextrose until b/p stabilze
- Nursing care is focused on early assessment of hypotension
- Steroids/Corticosteroids should never be abruptly stopped taken at same time
everyday
,Causes of gigantism and acromegaly correct answer pituitary adenoma
stress
pregnancy
Central Diabetes Insipidus correct answer brain tumors, head injury, neurosurgery
of CNS infections *Most Common*
Check out Figure 36-1 correct answer ******
Classic Signs of Hyperthyroidism correct answer tremulousness, exertional
dyspnea, scant menstruation, increased thirst and urination, mood swings,
expothalamus: abnormal portrusion of the eyeballs
Cushing Syndrome correct answer -high free plasma cortisol
-24 hours urine test
-if cortisol elevated, dexamethasone suppression test done
-microsurgery on the pituitary gland
-cautious use of steroids
-adrenalectomy if from adrenal tumor
-secondary cushings syndrome produced by long term cortisone therapy can be
reversible if meds stopped, though most take cortisone b/c they can't manage
w/out
Data Collection for Diabetes correct answer -assess each p/t, regardless of their
comlaint, for signs/symptoms of diabetes mellitus
,-physically assess the skin for signs of poor wound healing or areas of infection,
feet for signs of tight-fitting shoes and beginning sores
-Weigh the p/t to determine if weight is within normal limits
-For newly diagnosed p/t assess if p/t is a good candidate for a glucometer
Definitive Test correct answer fine needle aspiration
Degree of Hypoglycemia and level of consciousness correct answer -40-60 mg/dL
and alert and food indigestion
-20-40 mg/dL and concentrated sugars
-Seizures or not alert w/ very low blood sugar and 50% glucose IV
-No IV access, 1mg of glucagon IM
Diagnosis and Treatment of Benign Pituitary Adenoma correct answer -complete
history and physical examination
-MRI or CT to visualize tumor\
-Ophthalmology examination to evaluate pressure on chiasm
-Hormone therapy or surgical removal followed by irradiation
Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism correct answer -clinical manifestations #1 indicator
-thyroid hormone levels above normal limits
-heart rate>80 bpm while p/t sleeping
-increased heart rate and elevated temp
Diet and Diabetes Mellitus correct answer -WEIGHT LOSS
, -type of diabetes, height to weight ratio, usual dietary intake, food preferences,
exercise level, daily schedule
-no defeatist or negative attitude
-cultural preferences
-food values and effect on the course of DM
disorders of the endocrine system correct answer are caused by an imbalance in
the production of a hormone
Dispogenic Diabetes Inisipdus correct answer excessive water intake
Early Signs/Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism correct answer weight loss despite
good appetite, nervousness, weakness, insomnia, ankle edema, decreased libido,
infertility, difficult concentrating
Effects of Aging on the hormones
Unchanged or slightly decreased correct answer thyroid hormones, cortisol,
insulin, epinephrine, parathyroid, 25-hydroxyvitaminD(Used for osteoporosis
testing)
Effects of Aging on the Hormones Decreased correct answer Decreased:
aldosterone, renin, calcitonin, and growth hormone, estrogen, prolactin and
testosterone
Effects of Aging on the hormones, Increased correct answer Increased Hormones:
follicle stimulating hormone, luetinizing hormone, norepinephrine and
antidiuretic hormone
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS
A1c Levels and Average Blood Glucose correct answer A1c Levels: Avg. Blood
Glucose:
4% 68 mg/dL
5% 97 mg/dL
5.7-6.4% Prediabetes
6% 126 mg/dL
>6.5% Type 2 Diabetes
7% 154 mg/dL
Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Addison's Disease) correct answer -Insufficient
mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
-Primary: affects adrenal cortex
-Secondary: affects pituitary
-Failure to secrete ACTH hormone
-Pituitary under functioning, surgical removal, pituitary tumors, or abrupt
withdrawal of steroids
-S/S: very vague, then, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, muscle pain/weakness,
hypoglycemia
-Addisonian Crisis from stress or infection
-Immediate fluid replacement corticosteroids, sodium, dextrose until b/p stabilze
- Nursing care is focused on early assessment of hypotension
- Steroids/Corticosteroids should never be abruptly stopped taken at same time
everyday
,Causes of gigantism and acromegaly correct answer pituitary adenoma
stress
pregnancy
Central Diabetes Insipidus correct answer brain tumors, head injury, neurosurgery
of CNS infections *Most Common*
Check out Figure 36-1 correct answer ******
Classic Signs of Hyperthyroidism correct answer tremulousness, exertional
dyspnea, scant menstruation, increased thirst and urination, mood swings,
expothalamus: abnormal portrusion of the eyeballs
Cushing Syndrome correct answer -high free plasma cortisol
-24 hours urine test
-if cortisol elevated, dexamethasone suppression test done
-microsurgery on the pituitary gland
-cautious use of steroids
-adrenalectomy if from adrenal tumor
-secondary cushings syndrome produced by long term cortisone therapy can be
reversible if meds stopped, though most take cortisone b/c they can't manage
w/out
Data Collection for Diabetes correct answer -assess each p/t, regardless of their
comlaint, for signs/symptoms of diabetes mellitus
,-physically assess the skin for signs of poor wound healing or areas of infection,
feet for signs of tight-fitting shoes and beginning sores
-Weigh the p/t to determine if weight is within normal limits
-For newly diagnosed p/t assess if p/t is a good candidate for a glucometer
Definitive Test correct answer fine needle aspiration
Degree of Hypoglycemia and level of consciousness correct answer -40-60 mg/dL
and alert and food indigestion
-20-40 mg/dL and concentrated sugars
-Seizures or not alert w/ very low blood sugar and 50% glucose IV
-No IV access, 1mg of glucagon IM
Diagnosis and Treatment of Benign Pituitary Adenoma correct answer -complete
history and physical examination
-MRI or CT to visualize tumor\
-Ophthalmology examination to evaluate pressure on chiasm
-Hormone therapy or surgical removal followed by irradiation
Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism correct answer -clinical manifestations #1 indicator
-thyroid hormone levels above normal limits
-heart rate>80 bpm while p/t sleeping
-increased heart rate and elevated temp
Diet and Diabetes Mellitus correct answer -WEIGHT LOSS
, -type of diabetes, height to weight ratio, usual dietary intake, food preferences,
exercise level, daily schedule
-no defeatist or negative attitude
-cultural preferences
-food values and effect on the course of DM
disorders of the endocrine system correct answer are caused by an imbalance in
the production of a hormone
Dispogenic Diabetes Inisipdus correct answer excessive water intake
Early Signs/Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism correct answer weight loss despite
good appetite, nervousness, weakness, insomnia, ankle edema, decreased libido,
infertility, difficult concentrating
Effects of Aging on the hormones
Unchanged or slightly decreased correct answer thyroid hormones, cortisol,
insulin, epinephrine, parathyroid, 25-hydroxyvitaminD(Used for osteoporosis
testing)
Effects of Aging on the Hormones Decreased correct answer Decreased:
aldosterone, renin, calcitonin, and growth hormone, estrogen, prolactin and
testosterone
Effects of Aging on the hormones, Increased correct answer Increased Hormones:
follicle stimulating hormone, luetinizing hormone, norepinephrine and
antidiuretic hormone
