NSG 5003 WEEK 7 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY KNOWLEDGE
CHECK QUESTRIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION GUARANTEED
SUCCESS.
1. A 35-year-old female presents with tachycardia, weight loss, and exophthalmos. Labs
reveal low TSH and high T4. Which mechanism best explains her condition?
A. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin binding to TSH receptors
B. Autoimmune destruction of thyroid follicular cells
C. Hypersecretion of TSH by a pituitary adenoma
D. Ectopic production of thyroid hormone in the ovaries
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Graves disease is characterized by Type II hypersensitivity
where antibodies (TSI) stimulate the TSH receptor, leading to hyperthyroidism and goiter.
2. In the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), which electrolyte
abnormality is most characteristic?
A. Dilutional hyponatremia
B. Hypokalemia
,C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: SIADH involves excessive ADH secretion, leading to water
retention and a dilutional drop in serum sodium levels.
3. A patient with central diabetes insipidus is most likely to show which of the following
laboratory findings?
A. Low serum osmolality and high urine specific gravity
B. Low serum sodium and high potassium
C. High serum glucose and ketones in urine
D. High serum osmolality and low urine specific gravity
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Diabetes insipidus results in an inability to concentrate urine,
leading to dilute urine (low specific gravity) and concentrated blood (high serum
osmolality).
4. Which of the following is the primary pathophysiological defect in Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus?
A. Absolute insulin deficiency due to beta-cell destruction
B. Decreased glucose absorption in the gastrointestinal tract
, C. Excessive glucagon secretion from alpha cells
D. Resistance to insulin action in peripheral tissues
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Type 2 DM is primarily characterized by insulin resistance and
relative insulin deficiency, rather than the absolute deficiency seen in Type 1.
5. A patient with Cushing disease (pituitary origin) would be expected to have which lab
profile?
A. Low ACTH and high Cortisol
B. High ACTH and high Cortisol
C. High ACTH and low Cortisol
D. Low ACTH and low Cortisol
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Cushing disease refers specifically to a pituitary tumor secreting
excess ACTH, which then stimulates the adrenal glands to produce excess cortisol.
6. Which clinical manifestation is uniquely associated with Addison’s disease due to high
levels of ACTH?
A. Moon face
B. Trunkal obesity
C. Hyperpigmentation of the skin
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY KNOWLEDGE
CHECK QUESTRIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION GUARANTEED
SUCCESS.
1. A 35-year-old female presents with tachycardia, weight loss, and exophthalmos. Labs
reveal low TSH and high T4. Which mechanism best explains her condition?
A. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin binding to TSH receptors
B. Autoimmune destruction of thyroid follicular cells
C. Hypersecretion of TSH by a pituitary adenoma
D. Ectopic production of thyroid hormone in the ovaries
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Graves disease is characterized by Type II hypersensitivity
where antibodies (TSI) stimulate the TSH receptor, leading to hyperthyroidism and goiter.
2. In the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), which electrolyte
abnormality is most characteristic?
A. Dilutional hyponatremia
B. Hypokalemia
,C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: SIADH involves excessive ADH secretion, leading to water
retention and a dilutional drop in serum sodium levels.
3. A patient with central diabetes insipidus is most likely to show which of the following
laboratory findings?
A. Low serum osmolality and high urine specific gravity
B. Low serum sodium and high potassium
C. High serum glucose and ketones in urine
D. High serum osmolality and low urine specific gravity
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Diabetes insipidus results in an inability to concentrate urine,
leading to dilute urine (low specific gravity) and concentrated blood (high serum
osmolality).
4. Which of the following is the primary pathophysiological defect in Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus?
A. Absolute insulin deficiency due to beta-cell destruction
B. Decreased glucose absorption in the gastrointestinal tract
, C. Excessive glucagon secretion from alpha cells
D. Resistance to insulin action in peripheral tissues
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Type 2 DM is primarily characterized by insulin resistance and
relative insulin deficiency, rather than the absolute deficiency seen in Type 1.
5. A patient with Cushing disease (pituitary origin) would be expected to have which lab
profile?
A. Low ACTH and high Cortisol
B. High ACTH and high Cortisol
C. High ACTH and low Cortisol
D. Low ACTH and low Cortisol
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Cushing disease refers specifically to a pituitary tumor secreting
excess ACTH, which then stimulates the adrenal glands to produce excess cortisol.
6. Which clinical manifestation is uniquely associated with Addison’s disease due to high
levels of ACTH?
A. Moon face
B. Trunkal obesity
C. Hyperpigmentation of the skin
