WGU D115 Unit 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_deuovs
1. How many months of unprotected intercourse with the same partner with
an inability to conceive would be considered infertility?: Infertility is defined as the
inability to conceive after 12 months of unprotected intercourse with the same partner.
2. A student is learning about pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
Which information about PID is correct?
1. An episode of mild PID can decrease the possibility of a successful pregnan-
cy by 80%.
2. PID has not been associated with an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy.
3. Contracting this infection increases the risk of cervical cancer.
4. This inflammation results in permanent changes to the ciliated epithelium
of the fallopian tubes.: 4. PID results in permanent changes to the ciliated epithelium of the fallopian
tubes. The two students have clarified the information on PID.
3. Which factor increases the risk for ovarian cancer after the age of 40 years?
1. Prolonged lactation
2. Multiple pregnancies
3. Oral contraceptive use
4. Never having children: 4. Never having children
Interruption of ovulatory cycles appears to have a protective function against developing ovarian cancer. This can be
achieved with pregnancy, lactation, or use of oral contraceptives.
4. Why is it advised to have children before 35: Egg quality and sperm quality and motility
decline with age.
5. A healthcare professional is educating a community men's group on symp-
toms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Which pathophysiological condition causes most of the symptoms of BPH?
1. Obstruction of the urethra
2. Compression of the urethra
, WGU D115 Unit 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_deuovs
3. Infection of the prostate
4. Ischemia of the urethra: 2. The prostate grows and compresses the urethra, causing most of the
symptoms of BPH.
6. Which unique factor causes adolescent girls to be at high risk for sexually
transmitted infections (STIs)?
1. The position of susceptible cells on the adolescent cervix is different than
in older women.
2. They are in an experimental phase and believe they are resistant to devel-
oping STIs.
3. The length of the vaginal canal is short in adolescents.
4. The anus to the vaginal introitus is in close proximity in adolescent girls.: 3.
The transformational zone extends outside the cervical os in females of early reproductive age. As females age, this
zone recedes into the cervical canal.
7. How is gonorrhea transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus?
1. Unbound in the blood via the placenta
2. By direct inoculation with the fetal scalp electrodes exposed to maternal
body fluids
3. Attached to immunoglobulin G (IgG) via the placenta
4. Predominantly through infected cervical and vaginal secretions during the
birth process: 4. Gonorrhea is found in body fluids such as semen and vaginal secretions. It can be transmitted
to an infant primarily through contact with the birth canal and affected secretions.
, WGU D115 Unit 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_deuovs
8. Vital capacity (VC) decreases throughout the life span. This is due to the
expected aging change in the adult where alveolar surface area Choose...in-
creases decreases.: decreases Less matter means less surface area.
9. What increases as a result of pulmonary edema in acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS)?
1. Oncotic pressure
2. Serum sodium and water levels
3. Capillary permeability
4. Capillary hydrostatic pressure: 3. ARDS is known to cause increased capillary permeability, thereby
causing an influx of fluid such as serum and water to pool inside the alveoli leading to pulmonary edema
10. Which three symptoms can most likely be found in a child with croup?
A. Low-grade fever
B. Coarse rhonchi
C. Sore throat
D. Nasopharyngeal congestion
E. Barking cough: A, C, E
Sore throat and low-grade fever are often seen with croup, and a seal-like barking cough is pathognomonic for croup.
Higher fevers are usually seen with pneumonia.
11. Select three true statements regarding the infant's respiratory system.
1. Increased resiliency makes infants more tolerant of respiratory problems
than older children.
2. Airway obstruction occurs sooner in infants than in older children.
3. Infants are obligatory nose breathers.
4. An adult's chest wall compliance is lower than an infant's.
, WGU D115 Unit 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_deuovs
5. A baby is born with all the alveoli he or she will ever have: 2.Airway obstruction occurs
sooner in infants than in older children because infant airways are smaller and easier to obstruct with secretions.
3. Infants are obligatory nose breathers; people learn to breathe through their mouths with age and conditioning.
4. An adult's chest wall compliance is lower than an infant's because bones are more pliable in children, resulting in
greater chest expansion.
12. Signs of acute epiglottitis: his high fever and stridor, and he is in the tripod position.
13. About Acute epiglottitis: Acute epiglottitis is most commonly caused by bacterial invasion of the
mucosa with associated inflammation that leads to the rapid development of edema. Edema would cause severe,
life-threatening obstruction of the upper airway. The healthcare team should maintain a calm atmosphere, so that
the child does not become more anxious. He should not be provoked in any way. Do not examine his airway, as
total airway obstruction may occur. Resuscitation equipment should be available, including a surgical airway tray, but
ideally, these should be kept out of sight of both the child and his mother.
14. What is Paraphimosis: foreskin is retracted and can't be moved forward to cover the glans.
Can constrict blood flow * surgery must be performed to prevent necrosis.
15. What are the main causes of PID: chlamydia and gonorrhea main causes
16. SX of PID: low bilateral abdominal pain, sx more likely to develop during or immediately after menstruation,
uterine tenderness; increased risk for infertility
17. Describe the clinical manifestations of epiglottitis: High fever, irritability, sore throat,
inspiratory stridor, and severe respiratory distress, also will take a forward leaning position, drooling and dysphagia.
Life threatening emergency. **DO NOT examine the airway/throat - could cause laryngospasm and cause respiratory
collapse.
18. Most common cause of hypoxemia: Refers to an abnormal distribution of ventilation and
perfusion (V/Q mismatch) - this is the most common cause of hypoxemia. Hypoxemia caused by inadequate
ventilation of well perfused areas of the lung (low V/Q) - this type of mismatch is called shunting- occurs in atelectasis
(alveoli filled with fluid).
Hypoxemia caused by poor perfusion of well-ventilated portions of the lung (high V/Q), resulting in wasted
ventilation- most common cause (PE impairs blood flow to a segment of the lung).
19. What usually precedes Pneumonia: viral upper respiratory tract infection
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_deuovs
1. How many months of unprotected intercourse with the same partner with
an inability to conceive would be considered infertility?: Infertility is defined as the
inability to conceive after 12 months of unprotected intercourse with the same partner.
2. A student is learning about pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
Which information about PID is correct?
1. An episode of mild PID can decrease the possibility of a successful pregnan-
cy by 80%.
2. PID has not been associated with an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy.
3. Contracting this infection increases the risk of cervical cancer.
4. This inflammation results in permanent changes to the ciliated epithelium
of the fallopian tubes.: 4. PID results in permanent changes to the ciliated epithelium of the fallopian
tubes. The two students have clarified the information on PID.
3. Which factor increases the risk for ovarian cancer after the age of 40 years?
1. Prolonged lactation
2. Multiple pregnancies
3. Oral contraceptive use
4. Never having children: 4. Never having children
Interruption of ovulatory cycles appears to have a protective function against developing ovarian cancer. This can be
achieved with pregnancy, lactation, or use of oral contraceptives.
4. Why is it advised to have children before 35: Egg quality and sperm quality and motility
decline with age.
5. A healthcare professional is educating a community men's group on symp-
toms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Which pathophysiological condition causes most of the symptoms of BPH?
1. Obstruction of the urethra
2. Compression of the urethra
, WGU D115 Unit 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_deuovs
3. Infection of the prostate
4. Ischemia of the urethra: 2. The prostate grows and compresses the urethra, causing most of the
symptoms of BPH.
6. Which unique factor causes adolescent girls to be at high risk for sexually
transmitted infections (STIs)?
1. The position of susceptible cells on the adolescent cervix is different than
in older women.
2. They are in an experimental phase and believe they are resistant to devel-
oping STIs.
3. The length of the vaginal canal is short in adolescents.
4. The anus to the vaginal introitus is in close proximity in adolescent girls.: 3.
The transformational zone extends outside the cervical os in females of early reproductive age. As females age, this
zone recedes into the cervical canal.
7. How is gonorrhea transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus?
1. Unbound in the blood via the placenta
2. By direct inoculation with the fetal scalp electrodes exposed to maternal
body fluids
3. Attached to immunoglobulin G (IgG) via the placenta
4. Predominantly through infected cervical and vaginal secretions during the
birth process: 4. Gonorrhea is found in body fluids such as semen and vaginal secretions. It can be transmitted
to an infant primarily through contact with the birth canal and affected secretions.
, WGU D115 Unit 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_deuovs
8. Vital capacity (VC) decreases throughout the life span. This is due to the
expected aging change in the adult where alveolar surface area Choose...in-
creases decreases.: decreases Less matter means less surface area.
9. What increases as a result of pulmonary edema in acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS)?
1. Oncotic pressure
2. Serum sodium and water levels
3. Capillary permeability
4. Capillary hydrostatic pressure: 3. ARDS is known to cause increased capillary permeability, thereby
causing an influx of fluid such as serum and water to pool inside the alveoli leading to pulmonary edema
10. Which three symptoms can most likely be found in a child with croup?
A. Low-grade fever
B. Coarse rhonchi
C. Sore throat
D. Nasopharyngeal congestion
E. Barking cough: A, C, E
Sore throat and low-grade fever are often seen with croup, and a seal-like barking cough is pathognomonic for croup.
Higher fevers are usually seen with pneumonia.
11. Select three true statements regarding the infant's respiratory system.
1. Increased resiliency makes infants more tolerant of respiratory problems
than older children.
2. Airway obstruction occurs sooner in infants than in older children.
3. Infants are obligatory nose breathers.
4. An adult's chest wall compliance is lower than an infant's.
, WGU D115 Unit 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_deuovs
5. A baby is born with all the alveoli he or she will ever have: 2.Airway obstruction occurs
sooner in infants than in older children because infant airways are smaller and easier to obstruct with secretions.
3. Infants are obligatory nose breathers; people learn to breathe through their mouths with age and conditioning.
4. An adult's chest wall compliance is lower than an infant's because bones are more pliable in children, resulting in
greater chest expansion.
12. Signs of acute epiglottitis: his high fever and stridor, and he is in the tripod position.
13. About Acute epiglottitis: Acute epiglottitis is most commonly caused by bacterial invasion of the
mucosa with associated inflammation that leads to the rapid development of edema. Edema would cause severe,
life-threatening obstruction of the upper airway. The healthcare team should maintain a calm atmosphere, so that
the child does not become more anxious. He should not be provoked in any way. Do not examine his airway, as
total airway obstruction may occur. Resuscitation equipment should be available, including a surgical airway tray, but
ideally, these should be kept out of sight of both the child and his mother.
14. What is Paraphimosis: foreskin is retracted and can't be moved forward to cover the glans.
Can constrict blood flow * surgery must be performed to prevent necrosis.
15. What are the main causes of PID: chlamydia and gonorrhea main causes
16. SX of PID: low bilateral abdominal pain, sx more likely to develop during or immediately after menstruation,
uterine tenderness; increased risk for infertility
17. Describe the clinical manifestations of epiglottitis: High fever, irritability, sore throat,
inspiratory stridor, and severe respiratory distress, also will take a forward leaning position, drooling and dysphagia.
Life threatening emergency. **DO NOT examine the airway/throat - could cause laryngospasm and cause respiratory
collapse.
18. Most common cause of hypoxemia: Refers to an abnormal distribution of ventilation and
perfusion (V/Q mismatch) - this is the most common cause of hypoxemia. Hypoxemia caused by inadequate
ventilation of well perfused areas of the lung (low V/Q) - this type of mismatch is called shunting- occurs in atelectasis
(alveoli filled with fluid).
Hypoxemia caused by poor perfusion of well-ventilated portions of the lung (high V/Q), resulting in wasted
ventilation- most common cause (PE impairs blood flow to a segment of the lung).
19. What usually precedes Pneumonia: viral upper respiratory tract infection
