NSG 122 Exam 1 Nursing Fundamental
Concepts Practice Exam Questions and
Correct Answers-HERZING UNIVERSITY
Question 1
steps of evidence based practice (EBP)
Correct Answer
- Cultivate a spirit of inquiry
- Ask the burning clinical question in PICOT format
- Search for and collect the most relevant best evidence
- Critically appraise the evidence (i.e., rapid critical appraisal, evaluation, and
synthesis)
- Integrate the best evidence with one's clinical expertise and patient preferences
and values in making practice decision or change
- Evaluate outcomes of the practice decision or change based on evidence
- Disseminate the outcomes of the EBP decision or change
Question 2
Types of assessment
Correct Answer
- comprehensive
- focused
- emergency
- time-lapsed
- assessment of communities/special populations
Page 1 of 152
,Question 3
Roles of nurses
Correct Answer
- caregiver
- communicator
- teacher / educator
- counselor
- leader
- researcher
- advocate
- collaborator
Page 2 of 152
,Question 4
4 phases of the nurse-patient helping relationship
Correct Answer
- Pre-interaction phase (gather information)
- Orientation phase (meet the patient)
- Working phase (assessment, questions)
- Termination phase (end of relationship, introduction to next nurse or patient
discharge)
Question 1: Which of the following historical figures is most widely recognized
as the founder of modern nursing and the pioneer of sanitary reform during
the Crimean War?
A. Clara Barton
B. Florence Nightingale
C. Dorothea Dix
D. Mary Seacole
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Florence Nightingale
Rationale: Florence Nightingale established the foundations of modern nursing
through her groundbreaking work in sanitary conditions at military hospitals during
the Crimean War. She emphasized hand hygiene, ventilation, and proper nutrition,
drastically reducing mortality rates.
Question 2: What is the primary purpose of the nursing process in professional
clinical practice?
A. To provide a standardized legal document for hospital administration
B. To establish a systematic, patient-centered framework for delivering
individualized care
C. To replace the need for physician-led medical diagnoses
D. To calculate daily hospital billing charges based on interventions
CORRECT ANSWER: B. To establish a systematic, patient-centered framework for
delivering individualized care
Rationale: The nursing process (Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation,
Evaluation) is a systematic, dynamic framework designed to guide nurses in
delivering individualized, holistic, and high-quality patient-centered care.
Page 3 of 152
, Question 3: During which phase of the nursing process does the nurse gather
subjective and objective data regarding the patient's health status?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Planning
D. Evaluation
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Assessment
Rationale: Assessment is the first phase of the nursing process, involving the
systematic collection, verification, organization, and communication of subjective
and objective patient data.
Question 4: Which of the following is classified as subjective data collected
during a patient interview?
A. Blood pressure reading of 120/80 mmHg
B. Patient report of sharp, throbbing chest pain
C. Observed surgical wound drainage tinged with blood
D. Serum potassium level of 4.2 mEq/L
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Patient report of sharp, throbbing chest pain
Rationale: Subjective data consists of information reported directly by the patient or
family members (symptoms), such as feelings, perceptions, and pain levels, which
cannot be directly measured or observed by the nurse.
Question 5: Which of the following represents an objective finding observed
during a physical examination?
A. Patient statement of feeling anxious
B. Patient complaint of a mild headache
C. Auscultation of clear breath sounds bilaterally
D. Patient report of nausea after eating
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Auscultation of clear breath sounds bilaterally
Rationale: Objective data are measurable and observable signs detected by the
healthcare provider through physical examination, laboratory tests, and diagnostic
Page 4 of 152
Concepts Practice Exam Questions and
Correct Answers-HERZING UNIVERSITY
Question 1
steps of evidence based practice (EBP)
Correct Answer
- Cultivate a spirit of inquiry
- Ask the burning clinical question in PICOT format
- Search for and collect the most relevant best evidence
- Critically appraise the evidence (i.e., rapid critical appraisal, evaluation, and
synthesis)
- Integrate the best evidence with one's clinical expertise and patient preferences
and values in making practice decision or change
- Evaluate outcomes of the practice decision or change based on evidence
- Disseminate the outcomes of the EBP decision or change
Question 2
Types of assessment
Correct Answer
- comprehensive
- focused
- emergency
- time-lapsed
- assessment of communities/special populations
Page 1 of 152
,Question 3
Roles of nurses
Correct Answer
- caregiver
- communicator
- teacher / educator
- counselor
- leader
- researcher
- advocate
- collaborator
Page 2 of 152
,Question 4
4 phases of the nurse-patient helping relationship
Correct Answer
- Pre-interaction phase (gather information)
- Orientation phase (meet the patient)
- Working phase (assessment, questions)
- Termination phase (end of relationship, introduction to next nurse or patient
discharge)
Question 1: Which of the following historical figures is most widely recognized
as the founder of modern nursing and the pioneer of sanitary reform during
the Crimean War?
A. Clara Barton
B. Florence Nightingale
C. Dorothea Dix
D. Mary Seacole
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Florence Nightingale
Rationale: Florence Nightingale established the foundations of modern nursing
through her groundbreaking work in sanitary conditions at military hospitals during
the Crimean War. She emphasized hand hygiene, ventilation, and proper nutrition,
drastically reducing mortality rates.
Question 2: What is the primary purpose of the nursing process in professional
clinical practice?
A. To provide a standardized legal document for hospital administration
B. To establish a systematic, patient-centered framework for delivering
individualized care
C. To replace the need for physician-led medical diagnoses
D. To calculate daily hospital billing charges based on interventions
CORRECT ANSWER: B. To establish a systematic, patient-centered framework for
delivering individualized care
Rationale: The nursing process (Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation,
Evaluation) is a systematic, dynamic framework designed to guide nurses in
delivering individualized, holistic, and high-quality patient-centered care.
Page 3 of 152
, Question 3: During which phase of the nursing process does the nurse gather
subjective and objective data regarding the patient's health status?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Planning
D. Evaluation
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Assessment
Rationale: Assessment is the first phase of the nursing process, involving the
systematic collection, verification, organization, and communication of subjective
and objective patient data.
Question 4: Which of the following is classified as subjective data collected
during a patient interview?
A. Blood pressure reading of 120/80 mmHg
B. Patient report of sharp, throbbing chest pain
C. Observed surgical wound drainage tinged with blood
D. Serum potassium level of 4.2 mEq/L
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Patient report of sharp, throbbing chest pain
Rationale: Subjective data consists of information reported directly by the patient or
family members (symptoms), such as feelings, perceptions, and pain levels, which
cannot be directly measured or observed by the nurse.
Question 5: Which of the following represents an objective finding observed
during a physical examination?
A. Patient statement of feeling anxious
B. Patient complaint of a mild headache
C. Auscultation of clear breath sounds bilaterally
D. Patient report of nausea after eating
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Auscultation of clear breath sounds bilaterally
Rationale: Objective data are measurable and observable signs detected by the
healthcare provider through physical examination, laboratory tests, and diagnostic
Page 4 of 152
