Foundations of Clinical Research
Applications to Evidence-Based Practice
by Leslie G Portney (Author)
4th Edition
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part 1: Foundations of Research and Evidence
Chapter 1: Frameworks for Generating and Applying Evidence
Chapter 2: On the Road to Translational Research
Chapter 3: Defining the Research Question
Chapter 4: The Role of Theory in Research and Practice
Chapter 5: Understanding Evidence-Based Practice
Chapter 6: Searching the Literature
Chapter 7: Ethical Issues in Clinical Research
Part 2: Concepts of Measurement
Chapter 8: Principles of Measurement
Chapter 9: Concepts of Measurement Reliability
Chapter 10: Concepts of Measurement Validity
Chapter 11: Designing Surveys and Questionnaires
Chapter 12: Understanding Health Measurement Scales
Part 3: Designing Clinical Research
Chapter 13: Choosing a Sample
Chapter 14: Principles of Clinical Trials
Chapter 15: Design Validity
Chapter 16: Experimental Designs
Chapter 17: Quasi-Experimental Designs
Chapter 18: Single-Subject Designs
Chapter 19: Exploratory Research: Observational Designs
Chapter 20: Descriptive Research
Chapter 21: Qualitative Research
Part 4: Analyzing Data
Chapter 22: Descriptive Statistics
Chapter 23: Foundations of Statistical Inference
,Chapter 24: Foundations of Statistical Inference
Chapter 25: Comparing More Than Two Means: Analysis of Variance
Chapter 26: Multiple Comparison Tests
Chapter 27: Nonparametric Tests for Group Comparisons
Chapter 28: Measuring Association for Categorical Variables: Chi-Square
Chapter 29: Correlation
Chapter 30: Regression
Chapter 31: Multivariate Analysis
Chapter 32: Measurement Revisited: Reliability and Validity Statistics
Chapter 33: Diagnostic Accuracy
Chapter 34: Epidemiology: Measuring Risk
Part 5: Putting It All Together
Chapter 35: Writing a Research Proposal
Chapter 36: Critical Appraisal: Evaluating Research Reports
Chapter 37: Synthesizing Literature: Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Chapter 38: Disseminating Research
, Test Bank: Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to
Evidence-Based Practice, 4th Edition (Portney, 2020)
CHAPTER 1: A FRAMEWORK FOR CLINICAL RESEARCH
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Evidence-based practice (EBP) integrates which of the following components?
a) Best available research evidence only
b) Best available research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values
c) Clinical expertise and patient preferences only
d) Research evidence and institutional policies
Answer: b
Rationale: EBP is defined as the integration of best available research evidence with clinical expertise and
patient values/preferences to make clinical decisions.
2. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of clinical research?
a) To confirm what clinicians already know through experience
b) To generate knowledge that can be applied to improve patient care
c) To fulfill academic requirements for publication
d) To replace clinical judgment with statistical data
Answer: b
Rationale: The primary purpose of clinical research is to develop a body of knowledge that can inform
and improve clinical practice and patient outcomes.
3. The process of translating research findings into clinical practice is known as:
a) Research utilization
b) Knowledge translation
c) Evidence-based practice
d) All of the above
Answer: d
Rationale: Research utilization, knowledge translation, and evidence-based practice all describe aspects
of the process of applying research findings to clinical care.
4. Which level of the evidence hierarchy is generally considered the strongest for answering questions
about treatment effectiveness?
Applications to Evidence-Based Practice
by Leslie G Portney (Author)
4th Edition
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part 1: Foundations of Research and Evidence
Chapter 1: Frameworks for Generating and Applying Evidence
Chapter 2: On the Road to Translational Research
Chapter 3: Defining the Research Question
Chapter 4: The Role of Theory in Research and Practice
Chapter 5: Understanding Evidence-Based Practice
Chapter 6: Searching the Literature
Chapter 7: Ethical Issues in Clinical Research
Part 2: Concepts of Measurement
Chapter 8: Principles of Measurement
Chapter 9: Concepts of Measurement Reliability
Chapter 10: Concepts of Measurement Validity
Chapter 11: Designing Surveys and Questionnaires
Chapter 12: Understanding Health Measurement Scales
Part 3: Designing Clinical Research
Chapter 13: Choosing a Sample
Chapter 14: Principles of Clinical Trials
Chapter 15: Design Validity
Chapter 16: Experimental Designs
Chapter 17: Quasi-Experimental Designs
Chapter 18: Single-Subject Designs
Chapter 19: Exploratory Research: Observational Designs
Chapter 20: Descriptive Research
Chapter 21: Qualitative Research
Part 4: Analyzing Data
Chapter 22: Descriptive Statistics
Chapter 23: Foundations of Statistical Inference
,Chapter 24: Foundations of Statistical Inference
Chapter 25: Comparing More Than Two Means: Analysis of Variance
Chapter 26: Multiple Comparison Tests
Chapter 27: Nonparametric Tests for Group Comparisons
Chapter 28: Measuring Association for Categorical Variables: Chi-Square
Chapter 29: Correlation
Chapter 30: Regression
Chapter 31: Multivariate Analysis
Chapter 32: Measurement Revisited: Reliability and Validity Statistics
Chapter 33: Diagnostic Accuracy
Chapter 34: Epidemiology: Measuring Risk
Part 5: Putting It All Together
Chapter 35: Writing a Research Proposal
Chapter 36: Critical Appraisal: Evaluating Research Reports
Chapter 37: Synthesizing Literature: Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Chapter 38: Disseminating Research
, Test Bank: Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to
Evidence-Based Practice, 4th Edition (Portney, 2020)
CHAPTER 1: A FRAMEWORK FOR CLINICAL RESEARCH
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Evidence-based practice (EBP) integrates which of the following components?
a) Best available research evidence only
b) Best available research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values
c) Clinical expertise and patient preferences only
d) Research evidence and institutional policies
Answer: b
Rationale: EBP is defined as the integration of best available research evidence with clinical expertise and
patient values/preferences to make clinical decisions.
2. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of clinical research?
a) To confirm what clinicians already know through experience
b) To generate knowledge that can be applied to improve patient care
c) To fulfill academic requirements for publication
d) To replace clinical judgment with statistical data
Answer: b
Rationale: The primary purpose of clinical research is to develop a body of knowledge that can inform
and improve clinical practice and patient outcomes.
3. The process of translating research findings into clinical practice is known as:
a) Research utilization
b) Knowledge translation
c) Evidence-based practice
d) All of the above
Answer: d
Rationale: Research utilization, knowledge translation, and evidence-based practice all describe aspects
of the process of applying research findings to clinical care.
4. Which level of the evidence hierarchy is generally considered the strongest for answering questions
about treatment effectiveness?
