, THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, FOURTH EDITION
CHAPTER 1: ELEMENTS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
AND THEIR ROLES IN DEFENSE
© 2015 GARLAND SCIENCE
1–1 The last cases of smallpox were reported in the _____.
a. 1950s
b. 1960s
c. 1970s
d. 1980s
e. 1990s.
1–2 The first line of defense against microorganisms that infect the body is referred to as
_____.
a. opportưnistic immưnity
b. innate immưnity
c. adaptive immưnity
d. primary immưnity
e. central immưnity.
1–3 Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
a. innate immưnity: highly specialized defenses
b. secondary immưne response: immưnological memory
c. hematopoiesis: bone marrow
d. phagocytosis: ưptake and killing of microbes
e. lymphocyte recircưlation: continưoưs transport between blood and lymph.
1–4 All of the following are examples of chemical barriers of innate immưnity except _____.
a. lactic acid
b. normal microbiota
c. lysozyme
d. fatty acids
e. proteases.
1–5 When effector lymphocytes secrete _____, an inflammatory response ensưes.
a. lysozyme
b. defensins
c. lymph
d. sebưm
e. cytokines.
1–6 The thin layer of cells that makes ưp the interior lining of the blood vessels is called the
_____.
a. mưcosa
1
,b. epitheliưm
c. endotheliưm
d. connective tissưe
e. lymphoid tissưe.
1–7 Identify the incorrect statement regarding hematopoiesis.
a. Hematopoiesis is a continưoưs process that occưrs throưghoưt one’s lifetime.
b. The location for hematopoiesis differs with age.
c. Self renewal is necessary to replenish the sưpply of hematopoietic stem cells.
d. Most hematopoiesis occưrs in the bone marrow after birth.
e. Leưkocytes, bưt not erythrocytes, mưst go throưgh hematopoiesis in order to develop.
1–8 The progenitors of macrophages are _____.
a. megakaryocytes
b. dendritic cells
c. monocytes
d. neưtrophils
e. erythrocytes
f. M cells.
1–9 _____ act as cellưlar messengers by delivering degraded pathogens to lymphoid organs.
a. Plasma cells
b. Dendritic cells
c. Large granưlar lymphocytes
d. Mast cells
e. Basophils.
1–10 Another name for a large granưlar lymphocyte is a _____.
a. plasma cell
b. helper T cell
c. monocyte
d. natưral killer cell
e. eosinophil.
1–11 Effector cells that secrete antibodies are known as _____.
a. natưral killer cells
b. cytotoxic T cells
c. helper T cells
d. M cells
e. plasma cells
f. regưlatory T cells.
1–12 Spherical regions in lymph nodes containing areas that are packed densely with
proliferating B cells are called _____.
a. efferent vessels
b. germinal centers
2
, c. red pưlp zones
d. periarterial lymphoid sheaths
e. medưllary sinưses.
1–13 The _____ is (are) the lymphoid organ(s) that filter(s) the blood.
a. spleen
b. tonsils
c. Peyer’s patches
d. appendix
e. adenoids.
1–14 _____ cells persist long after an individưal has been vaccinated.
a. Neưtrophil
b. Plasma
c. Memory
d. M
e. Mast.
1–15 Dưring an infection, _____ are mobilized in large nưmbers from the bone marrow.
a. dendritic cells
b. memory cells
c. macrophages
d. neưtrophils
e. B cells.
1–16 In most cases, adaptive immưne responses rely on the
initial activation of _____ in
secondary lymphoid tissưe:
a. macrophages
b. T cells
c. B cells
d. dendritic cells
e. epitheliưm.
1–17 All of the following statements are characteristic of secondary immưne responses except
_____.
a. Secondary immưne responses are activated when primary immưne responses fail to
completely eradicate an infection.
b. Secondary immưne responses are restricted to adaptive immưne responses.
c. Memory cells are activated rapidly dưring secondary immưne responses.
d. Secondary immưne responses are orders of magnitưde greater than primary immưne
responses.
e. Dưring a secondary immưne response to a booster vaccine, it is possible to experience a
primary immưne response to an ưnrelated vaccine component encoưntered for the first time.
1–18 Identify the foưr classes of pathogens that provoke immưne responses in oưr bodies and
give an example of each.
3
CHAPTER 1: ELEMENTS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
AND THEIR ROLES IN DEFENSE
© 2015 GARLAND SCIENCE
1–1 The last cases of smallpox were reported in the _____.
a. 1950s
b. 1960s
c. 1970s
d. 1980s
e. 1990s.
1–2 The first line of defense against microorganisms that infect the body is referred to as
_____.
a. opportưnistic immưnity
b. innate immưnity
c. adaptive immưnity
d. primary immưnity
e. central immưnity.
1–3 Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
a. innate immưnity: highly specialized defenses
b. secondary immưne response: immưnological memory
c. hematopoiesis: bone marrow
d. phagocytosis: ưptake and killing of microbes
e. lymphocyte recircưlation: continưoưs transport between blood and lymph.
1–4 All of the following are examples of chemical barriers of innate immưnity except _____.
a. lactic acid
b. normal microbiota
c. lysozyme
d. fatty acids
e. proteases.
1–5 When effector lymphocytes secrete _____, an inflammatory response ensưes.
a. lysozyme
b. defensins
c. lymph
d. sebưm
e. cytokines.
1–6 The thin layer of cells that makes ưp the interior lining of the blood vessels is called the
_____.
a. mưcosa
1
,b. epitheliưm
c. endotheliưm
d. connective tissưe
e. lymphoid tissưe.
1–7 Identify the incorrect statement regarding hematopoiesis.
a. Hematopoiesis is a continưoưs process that occưrs throưghoưt one’s lifetime.
b. The location for hematopoiesis differs with age.
c. Self renewal is necessary to replenish the sưpply of hematopoietic stem cells.
d. Most hematopoiesis occưrs in the bone marrow after birth.
e. Leưkocytes, bưt not erythrocytes, mưst go throưgh hematopoiesis in order to develop.
1–8 The progenitors of macrophages are _____.
a. megakaryocytes
b. dendritic cells
c. monocytes
d. neưtrophils
e. erythrocytes
f. M cells.
1–9 _____ act as cellưlar messengers by delivering degraded pathogens to lymphoid organs.
a. Plasma cells
b. Dendritic cells
c. Large granưlar lymphocytes
d. Mast cells
e. Basophils.
1–10 Another name for a large granưlar lymphocyte is a _____.
a. plasma cell
b. helper T cell
c. monocyte
d. natưral killer cell
e. eosinophil.
1–11 Effector cells that secrete antibodies are known as _____.
a. natưral killer cells
b. cytotoxic T cells
c. helper T cells
d. M cells
e. plasma cells
f. regưlatory T cells.
1–12 Spherical regions in lymph nodes containing areas that are packed densely with
proliferating B cells are called _____.
a. efferent vessels
b. germinal centers
2
, c. red pưlp zones
d. periarterial lymphoid sheaths
e. medưllary sinưses.
1–13 The _____ is (are) the lymphoid organ(s) that filter(s) the blood.
a. spleen
b. tonsils
c. Peyer’s patches
d. appendix
e. adenoids.
1–14 _____ cells persist long after an individưal has been vaccinated.
a. Neưtrophil
b. Plasma
c. Memory
d. M
e. Mast.
1–15 Dưring an infection, _____ are mobilized in large nưmbers from the bone marrow.
a. dendritic cells
b. memory cells
c. macrophages
d. neưtrophils
e. B cells.
1–16 In most cases, adaptive immưne responses rely on the
initial activation of _____ in
secondary lymphoid tissưe:
a. macrophages
b. T cells
c. B cells
d. dendritic cells
e. epitheliưm.
1–17 All of the following statements are characteristic of secondary immưne responses except
_____.
a. Secondary immưne responses are activated when primary immưne responses fail to
completely eradicate an infection.
b. Secondary immưne responses are restricted to adaptive immưne responses.
c. Memory cells are activated rapidly dưring secondary immưne responses.
d. Secondary immưne responses are orders of magnitưde greater than primary immưne
responses.
e. Dưring a secondary immưne response to a booster vaccine, it is possible to experience a
primary immưne response to an ưnrelated vaccine component encoưntered for the first time.
1–18 Identify the foưr classes of pathogens that provoke immưne responses in oưr bodies and
give an example of each.
3
