BIO 253 EXAM 2 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
VERIFIED 2027 EDITION
1. Nervous system
- Sensory = impulse to CNS - Motor = impulse away from CNS - Integration = interpret impulse
2. Central (CNS)
- Brain - Spinal cord - Controls sensation, perception, movement, thinking
3. Peripheral (PNS)
- Cranial nerves - Spinal nerves - Ganglia - Connects CNS to the rest of the body
4. Cells of CNS
- Neurons - Neuroglia
5. Neurons
- CNS - Functional cells - Respond quickly to changes - Conduct electrical impulses via neurotransmitters
6. Parts of neuron
- Cell body - Axon - Dendrites
7. Axon hillock
- Cone shaped - Impulse begins
8. Synaptic knob
Located at the end of axon that secretes/stores neurotransmitter
9. Neuroglia
- CNS - Supporting cells - Protect, support, insulate, nourish neurons
10. Reflex arc
- Receptor - Sensory neuron - Interneuron - Motor neuron - Effector
11. Where are receptors of the reflex arc located?
- Skin - Every part of the body
12. What do sensory neurons do?
Carry impulses to spinal cord
13. What do interneurons do?
Connect sensory & motor neurons
1
, 14. Somatic (SNS)
- PNS - Voluntary, sensory, motor - Skeletal muscle, skin
15. Autonomic (ANS)
- PNS - Involuntary - Smooth & cardiac muscle, glands (viscera)
16. Divisions of ANS
- Sympathetic - Parasympathetic
17. Sympathetic division
- Fight or flight - Stressful, emergency situation - Speeds body up - Preganglionic short because starts at
spinal cord, postganglionic long because goes directly to organ
18. Parasympathetic division
- Rest & digest - Non-stressful situations - Slows body down
19. Preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division
- Short - Release ACh
20. Preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division
- Long - Release ACh
21. Postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division
- Long - Release Norepinephrine
22. Postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division
- Short - Release ACh
23. Sympathetic division secretes
- ACh - Norepinephrine
24. Parasympathetic division secretes
ACh
25. Schwann cells
- PNS - Only on axon - Produces myelin
26. Myelin
- Allows impulses to jump increasing speed - Needed to send impulses to peripherals - Found on axon
27. Satellite cells
- PNS - Supports cluster of neuron cell bodies (ganglia)
28. Multipolar neurons
- Most common - Many dendrites & processes
29. Bipolar neurons
- 1 axon, 1 dendrite, 2 processes - Special senses - Eyes, ears, nose
30. Unipolar neurons
- 1 process, axon & dendrite fuse - Sensory
31. Sensory neurons
- Afferent - Mostly unipolar - Some bipolar - Impulses to CNS - Carried to the brain
2
VERIFIED 2027 EDITION
1. Nervous system
- Sensory = impulse to CNS - Motor = impulse away from CNS - Integration = interpret impulse
2. Central (CNS)
- Brain - Spinal cord - Controls sensation, perception, movement, thinking
3. Peripheral (PNS)
- Cranial nerves - Spinal nerves - Ganglia - Connects CNS to the rest of the body
4. Cells of CNS
- Neurons - Neuroglia
5. Neurons
- CNS - Functional cells - Respond quickly to changes - Conduct electrical impulses via neurotransmitters
6. Parts of neuron
- Cell body - Axon - Dendrites
7. Axon hillock
- Cone shaped - Impulse begins
8. Synaptic knob
Located at the end of axon that secretes/stores neurotransmitter
9. Neuroglia
- CNS - Supporting cells - Protect, support, insulate, nourish neurons
10. Reflex arc
- Receptor - Sensory neuron - Interneuron - Motor neuron - Effector
11. Where are receptors of the reflex arc located?
- Skin - Every part of the body
12. What do sensory neurons do?
Carry impulses to spinal cord
13. What do interneurons do?
Connect sensory & motor neurons
1
, 14. Somatic (SNS)
- PNS - Voluntary, sensory, motor - Skeletal muscle, skin
15. Autonomic (ANS)
- PNS - Involuntary - Smooth & cardiac muscle, glands (viscera)
16. Divisions of ANS
- Sympathetic - Parasympathetic
17. Sympathetic division
- Fight or flight - Stressful, emergency situation - Speeds body up - Preganglionic short because starts at
spinal cord, postganglionic long because goes directly to organ
18. Parasympathetic division
- Rest & digest - Non-stressful situations - Slows body down
19. Preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division
- Short - Release ACh
20. Preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division
- Long - Release ACh
21. Postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division
- Long - Release Norepinephrine
22. Postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division
- Short - Release ACh
23. Sympathetic division secretes
- ACh - Norepinephrine
24. Parasympathetic division secretes
ACh
25. Schwann cells
- PNS - Only on axon - Produces myelin
26. Myelin
- Allows impulses to jump increasing speed - Needed to send impulses to peripherals - Found on axon
27. Satellite cells
- PNS - Supports cluster of neuron cell bodies (ganglia)
28. Multipolar neurons
- Most common - Many dendrites & processes
29. Bipolar neurons
- 1 axon, 1 dendrite, 2 processes - Special senses - Eyes, ears, nose
30. Unipolar neurons
- 1 process, axon & dendrite fuse - Sensory
31. Sensory neurons
- Afferent - Mostly unipolar - Some bipolar - Impulses to CNS - Carried to the brain
2
